Artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors.

Authors remain fully responsible for all submitted content, including text, calculations, data, code, images, references, and conclusions.

Substantive use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies should be disclosed in the manuscript.

AI-generated references must be verified against the original source.

Authors must not upload confidential manuscripts, unpublished data, or protected information to unauthorized AI systems.

Reviewers and editors must preserve manuscript confidentiality and must not upload submitted material to unauthorized public AI tools.

AI tools may support editorial or technical processes but may not replace accountable human editorial decision-making.