Microstructural Study of Soil Stabilization of the Southern Marl Using Lime and Nano-SiO2

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
A. Asakereh 1
H. zarei 2
M. Amiri 3
1 Assistant professor
2 Student
3 Assistant Professor
Abstract
Marlies are of problematic soils, which easily eroded when exposed to water flow and create problems in the sustainability of the developmental projects substrate. Using additives such as lime, cement and nanoparticles is one of the methods for soil chemical modification. The present study investigates the effect of lime and nano-SiO2 on the engineering properties of marl soil and formation of new compounds due to the stabilization process. In this regard, after determining the geotechnical properties of Marl soil, the improvement of engineering properties of the samples stabilized with different percentages of lime and nano-SiO2 has been evaluated at the end of the treatment period. In order to identify present minerals in the soil and investigate the formation of calcium silicate hydrate compounds in the reaction of soil with lime and nano-SiO2, the X-Ray Diffraction (XDR) test was conducted. The results showed that the presence of nano-SiO2 in the limestone system led to the uniform distribution of cement (C-S-H) compounds in the soil. Based on the results, with increasing the treatment time, lime participation in pozzolanic reactions was increased, also, the results obtained from the Atterberg limits test showed a diminution in the paste limit of the marl sample with increasing lime and nano-SiO2 values.

Keywords

Subjects

[1] Pettijohn F.J. Sedimentary rock. 1975 Harper and Row, New York.
[2] Al-Rawas A.A., Hago A.W., Al-Sarmi H. 2005 Effect of lime, cement and Sarooj (artificial pozzolan) on the swelling potential of an expansive soil from Oman. Building and Environment, 40(5), 681–687.
[3] Ouhadi V.R., Yong R.N., Amiri M., and Ouhadi, M.H. 2014 Pozzolanic Consolidation of Stabilized Soft Clays. Applied Clay Science, 95, 111-118.
[4] Eades J.L., Grim R.E. 1960 Reaction of hydrate lime with pure clay minerals in soil stabilization. Highway Research Board Bulletin. 262, 51–63.
[5] Broms B., Bengt. 1993 Ground Improvement. John Wiley and Sons publishing company.
[6] Goodarzi A., Moradloo A. 2017 Effect of curing temperature and SiO2-nanoparticles on the engineering properties of lime treated expansive soil. Modares Civil Engineering Journal, 17(3), 132-144. (In Persian)
[7] Oates J.A.H. 1998 Lime and Limestone. John Wiley and Sons publishing company.
[8] Ouhadi V.R., Amiri M., and Hamidi S., 2014 Dispersive soil improvement with lime, special attention to the reduction of peak intensity of clay minerals in XRD analysis. Modares Civil Engineering Journal, 14(2), 13-25. (In Persian)
[9] Ouhadi V.R., Amiri M., and Zangeneh M. 2016 Microstructural Assessment of Lime Consumption Rate and Pozzolanic Reaction Progress of a Lime-Stabilized Dispersive Soil. Modares Civil Engineering Journal, 16(1), 11-22. (In Persian)
[10] Zhang G. 2007 Soil nanoparticles and their influence on engineering properties of soils. Advances in Measurement and Modeling of Soil Behavior, New Peaks in Geotechnics, ASCE.
[11] Zhang G.T., Germaine A.J., Whittle C. and Ladd C.C. 2004 Index properties of a highly weathered old alluvium. Geotechnique, 54(7), 441-451.
[12] Changizi F., Haddad A. 2015 Strength Properties of Soft Clay Treated with Mixture of Nano-SiO2 and Recycled Polyesterfiber. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 7, 367-378.
[13] Ghasabkolaei N., Janalizadeh Choobbasti A., Roshan N. and Ghasemi S.E. 2017 Geotechnical properties of the soils modified whit nanomaterials: A comprehensive review. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 17(3), 639-650.
[14] Abdelzaher E. A. Mostafa, Mohamed. S. Ouf and Mokhtar F. Elgendy. 2016 Stabilization of Subgrade Pavement Layer Using Silica Fume and Nano Silica. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(3), 573-581.
[15] Fu J. and Naguib H.E. 2006 Effect of Nanoclay on the Mechanical Properties of PMMA/Clay Nanocomposite Foams. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 42(4), 325–342.
[16] Aghanabati A. 2004 Geological Engineering. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
[17] Annual Book of ASTM Standards, in: American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. 1992.
[18] Nelson D.W. and Sommers L.E. 1996 Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 961-1010.
[19] ASTM C25-99, 1999 Quicklime and Hydrated Lime. Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone.
[20] Ouhadi V.R. and Yong R.N. 2003 Experimental and theoretical evaluation of impact of clay microstructure on the quantitative mineral evaluation by XRD analysis. Applied Clay Science. 23(1), 141-148.
[21] Ouhadi V.R. 2002 Study of Transformation of Clay Minerals in the Interaction Process with Additives by use of Scanning Electron Microscope and XRD and its Relation to Mechanical Behaviour of Soil. Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy. 10(1), 87-97. (In Persian)
[22] Al-Mukhtar M., Lasledj A. and Alcover J. 2010 “Behaviour and mineralogy changes in lime-treated expansive soil at 20 °C”, Applied Clay Science. 50(2), 191–198.
[23] Ouhadi, V.R., Yong, R.N. 2007 Experimental study on instability of bases on natural and lime/cement- stabilized clayey soils. Applied Clay Science. 35, 238-249.
Modares Civil Engineering journal
Volume 19, Issue 3
September and October 2019
Pages 111-122