Using wavelet theory in the dynamic analyses of retaining walls coupled with soil medium

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
A. Seifoddin 1
H. Heidarzadeh 2
H. Zarif 1
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
10.22034/24.6.7
Abstract
Retaining structure or retaining wall is a wall that acts as supporting structure and the stability of another structure. This wall is used for preventing collapse of soil and generally wherever lateral support is needed. The retaining wall can be designed as gravity, cantilever and supported. Considering that the retaining walls are essential in protecting the related structures to them, therefore, studying the dynamic behavior of these structures is very important due to the financial and human damages. Such structures should be stable against the forces acting on the wall. In addition to static loads, which are always an inseparable part of the calculations of such walls, forces such as cyclic forces caused by the movement of machinery and also dynamic forces caused by earthquake occur on the wall during the period of operation. These forces can be effected on retaining walls and should be investigated and evaluated. Trying to investigate and analyze the dynamic behavior of different retaining walls is one of the most challenging for different researchers.

The wavelet theory in the dynamic analysis of the issues related to civil engineering is going to be widespread. This research aims to investigate the effect of using wavelet theory in the dynamic analyses of concrete retaining walls. For this purpose, a soil medium along with concrete retaining walls with different dimensions (heights) are considered. Dynamic analyses are performed based on the finite element method. In the first stage of modeling, the Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake record is filtered during four steps using the discrete wavelet theory. The numerical models are prepared and subjected to the available records. The percentage of the difference in the results of the analyses done with the records obtained from the different steps of filtering record with wavelet compared to the analyses done with the main record, along with the reduction of the time consumption, is evaluated. As expected, the best match of the post-filtering results to the main earthquake results is for the first-step filter. It can be seen that even the first step filter reduces the analysis time by about 60%. Based on the obtained results, the difference between the results obtained with the filtered records becomes less compared to the main earthquake with the increase in the height of the wall. It has also been observed that acceptable results are still obtained, and the analysis time is reduced by almost 80% until the third step filter.

It should be noted that the Mohr-Coulomb behavioral model is used in the conducted analyzes in this research. This behavioral model is not inherently able to model hysteresis damping behavior at low strains. Therefore, this issue can affect the results of deformations and stresses obtained from dynamic analysis. However, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the wavelet in the dynamic analysis of the retaining wall. Considering that in all the analyses (both the performed analysis with the main earthquake and the performed analyzes with the wavelet filtered records) the same structure and trend are used, it can be concluded that the effect of using the wavelet compared to the main earthquake gives an acceptable overview and quality

Keywords

Subjects

ABDUL-HUSSAIN, N., FALL, M. & SAATCIOGLU, M. 2023. Blast response of cantilever retaining wall: Modes of wall movement. Transportation Geotechnics, 40, 100950.
AGHAMOLAEI, M., SAEEDI AZIZKANDI, A., BAZIAR, M. H. & GHAVAMI, S. 2021. Performance-based analysis of cantilever retaining walls subjected to near-fault ground shakings. Computers and Geotechnics, 130, 103924.
DADKHAH, M., KAMGAR, R. & HEIDARZADEH, H. 2022. Reducing the Cost of Calculations for Incremental Dynamic Analysis of Building Structures Using the Discrete Wavelet Transform. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 26, 3317-3342.
FAKHER, A. 2010. Principles of Advanced Foundation Engineering, Tehran, University of Tehran.
GUAN, X. & MADABHUSHI, G. S. P. 2022. Dynamic response of a retaining wall with a structure on the dry backfill. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 157, 107259.
HA, S. J., SEO, H. & KIM, B. 2023. Effects of pulse-like ground motions and wavelet asymmetry on responses of cantilever retaining wall. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 166, 107724.
HUNG, W.-Y., NOMLENI, I. A., SOEGIANTO, D. P. & PRAPTAWATI, A. 2023. Centrifuge modeling on the effect of mechanical connection on the dynamic performance of narrow geosynthetic reinforced soil wall. Geotextiles and Geomembranes.
JAVDANIAN, H. & GOUDARZI, N. 2023. Seismic Analysis of Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls Under Decomposed Earthquake Records. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 47, 2365-2377.
KAMALZADEH, A. & PENDER, M. J. 2023. Dynamic response of Mechanically Stabilised Earth (MSE) structures: A numerical study. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 51, 73-87.
KAMGAR, R., DADKHAH, M. & NADERPOUR, H. 2021a. Seismic response evaluation of structures using discrete wavelet transform through linear analysis. Structures, 29, 863-882.
KAMGAR, R., TAVAKOLI, R., RAHGOZAR, P. & JANKOWSKI, R. 2021b. Application of discrete wavelet transform in seismic nonlinear analysis of soil–structure interaction problems. Earthquake Spectra, 37, 1980 - 2012.
KANKANAMGE, Y., HU, Y. & SHAO, X. 2020. Application of wavelet transform in structural health monitoring. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 19, 515-532.
KHANAHMADI, M., REZAYFAR, O. & GHOLHAKI, M. 2021. Damage Detection in Steel Plates Based on Comparing Analytical Results of the Discrete 2-D Wavelet Transform of Primary and Secondary Modes Shape. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 8, 198-214.
LIN, J., ZHOU, W., CUI, X. Z. & HONG, H. P. 2023. Application of wavelet transforms to the simulation of corrosion fields on buried pipelines. Computers & Structures, 276, 106957.
MAJIDI, N., HEIDARI, A., FATEHI, A. & HEIDARZADEH, H. 2022. Estimation of earthquake frequency content and its effect on dynamic analysis using continuous and discrete wavelet transform. Scientia Iranica, 29, 2773-2788.
MEMARIAN SORKHABI, O., KHAJEHZADEH, M. & KEAWSAWASVONG, S. 2023. Landslides monitoring with SBAS-InSAR and 3D wavelet phase filtering. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 103486.
SALAJEGHEH, E. & HEIDARI, A. 2005a. Optimum design of structures against earthquake by wavelet neural network and filter banks. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 34, 67-82.
SALAJEGHEH, E. & HEIDARI, A. 2005b. Time history dynamic analysis of structures using filter banks and wavelet transforms. Computers & Structures, 83, 53-68.
SALAJEGHEH, E., HEIDARI, A. & SARYAZDI, S. 2005. Optimum design of structures against earthquake by discrete wavelet transform. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 62, 2178-2192.
SARKAR, K., GUPTA, V. K. & GEORGE, R. C. 2016. Wavelet-based generation of spatially correlated accelerograms. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 87, 116-124.
SEGALINE, H., SÁEZ, E. & UBILLA, J. 2022. Evaluation of dynamic soil-structure interaction effects in buildings with underground stories using 1 g physical experimentation in a transparent shear laminar box. Engineering Structures, 266, 114645.
SINGH, P., BHARTIYA, P., CHAKRABORTY, T. & BASU, D. 2023. Numerical investigation and estimation of active earth thrust on gravity retaining walls under seismic excitation. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 167, 107798.
XU QIAN, Y. C., GUO HONG, GUO GUANGLING 2020. Stability alarming for a pile plate retaining wall with damage. China Safety Science Journal, 30, 47-53.
Modares Civil Engineering journal
Volume 24, Issue 6
November and December 2024
Pages 7-21