Effect of different surfactants on the remediation of a clay soil contaminated with ‎Dimethyl phthalate by electrokinetic method

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
1 PhD candidate, Department of Irrigation and reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Professor, Department of Irrigation and reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
Abstract
Electrokinetic technique is one of the common methods that can be used for removal of organic contaminants in soil. There are some of organic contaminants with low solubility in water. In order to improve the efficiency of remediation in this method it is possible to use appropriate surfactants as flushing solution.In this work SDS, Poloxamer 407 and Brij 35 surfactants were selected for improving the remediation of a clay soil contaminated with Dimethyl phthalate (DMP). The contaminated soil was prepared artificially with the concentration of 40 mg/kg in the laboratory. Experimental tests were conducted in a special apparatus. It was consisted of a Plexiglas with 1 cm thickness as the main cell. The main cell dimensions were 30 cm in length, 10 cm in width and 30 cm in height. Two reservoirs as anode and cathode were added on the two sides of the main cell and they were connected to the main cell. The prepared contaminated soil after saturated was poured into the main cell of apparatus. The anode and cathode reservoirs were filled with desired solution of surfactant and distilled water respectively. A constant voltage of 50 V was applied to the soil for duration of 7 days for all tests. A reference test was also conducted with distilled water in anode and cathode reservoirs under the same voltage and duration. During each test the pH, EC (electrical conductivity) and volume of outflow liquid discharge were measured. At the end of each test, the shear strength of soil was measured by shear van at the distance of 4, 12, 19 and 26 cm from anode. A number of soil samples were also extracted from these points for pH measurement and removal of DMP by using GC (Gas Choromatography) apparatus. The results showed that the shear strength of soil is increased with increasing the distance from anode. The values of shear strength around the cathode were measured as 7, 5.5, 8 and 42 kPa for distilled water and solutions of Brij 35, Poloxamer 407 and SDS respectively. It was revealed that by increasing the distance from anode the value of pH was also changed from acidic to alkaline. In addition, the results indicated that the percentage of remediation at the distance of 4, 12, 19 and 26 cm from anode for solution of SDS were 73, 70.5, 14 and 20.12 and for Brij 35 they were changed to 69.55, 66 ,21 and 17 % respectively. The percentage of remediation for solution of Poloxamer 407 were also determined 68.94, 65.89, 10.97 and -1.24 and for distilled water as 55, 53.3, 7.77 and -20 % at the same distance from anode respectively. The results showed that the effectiveness of solution surfactants in removal of DMP was SDS>Brij 35> Poloxamer ‎‎407.

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