The Effect of Different Earthquake Parameters on the Dynamic Behavior of the Wharf

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
A. abdollahzadeh 1
N. hadiani 2
A. Eghbali 2
M. haghbin 3
1 student
2 assistant professor
3 Assistant Professor
10.22034/23.3.139
Abstract
Abstract



Wharf is an engineering structure which is constructed generally for loading or unloading of goods. The structure may be constructed on the weak layers like gravel and sand with respect to the bank conditions. In case of incorrect design of this type of structure and its failure, the wharf activities may be stopped for a long time due to damage to adjacent facilities. For this reason, investigating the behavior of coastal structures against failure factors such as earthquake and the liquefaction due to it, is of great importance. Analysis of wharf performance against liquefaction is done generally using the numerical methods. In this article using the Flac2D software which has the capability of nonlinear analysis of effective stress and generation of excess pore water pressure in the soil continuum, the liquefaction phenomenon in the soil surrounding the wharf is simulated using the behavioral model Finn. In continuation, the impact of different earthquake parameters on the wharf behavior is investigated. Finally, the results of the excess pore water pressure, horizontal displacement, soil settlement and bending moment of piles are presented. Then, the correlation between these parameters and different earthquake parameters is investigated. As the earthquake intensity criteria have great importance in terms of statistical assessment of seismic demand of various types of structures, therefore, in this study in order to investigate the quality of earthquake intensity criteria, the determining indices such as being optimal and applicable, efficiency index, sufficiency with respect to the earthquake magnitude and distance to the center of earthquake propagation are investigated. The results show that compatibility between the earthquake parameters and soil settlement is generally better with respect to other parameters.



Keywords: Wharf, liquefaction, dynamic analysis, finite difference method.

Keywords

Subjects

1. Baker, J. W., & Cornell, C. A. (2006). Vector-valued ground motion intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand analysis, PEER Report 2006/08, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center-College of Engineering. University of California, Berkeley.‌
2. Cornell, C. A., Jalayer, F., Hamburger, R. O., & Foutch, D. A. (2002). Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines. Journal of structural engineering, 128(4), 526-533.‌
3. T. Abdoun, R. Dobry, T. O’Rourke, and S. Goh, "Pile Response to Lateral Spreads: Centrifuge
Modeling," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 129, pp. 869-878, 2003.
4. S. Imamura, T. Hagiwara, Y. Tsukamoto, and K. Ishihara, "Response of pile groups against seismically
induced lateral flow in centrifuge model tests," Soils and Foundations, vol. 44, pp. 39-55, 2004.
5. S. J. Brandenberg, R. W. Boulanger, B. L. Kutter, and D. Chang, "Behavior of pile foundations in
laterally spreading ground during centrifuge tests," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Engineering, vol. 131, pp. 1378-1391, 2005.
6. M. Cubrinovski, T. Kokusho, and K. Ishihara, "Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles
undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 26,
pp. 275-286, 2006.
7. S. M. Haeri, A. Kavand, I. Rahmani, and H. Torabi, "Response of a group of piles to liquefactioninduced lateral spreading by large scale shake table testing," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake
Engineering, vol. 38, pp. 25-45, 2012.
8. R. Motamed and I. Towhata, "Shaking table model tests on pile groups behind quay walls subjected to
lateral spreading," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, pp. 477-489,
2010.
9. L. Tang, X. Zhang, X. Ling, L. Su, and C. Liu, "Response of a pile group behind quay wall to
liquefaction-induced lateral spreading: a shake-table investigation," Earthquake Engineering and
Engineering Vibration, vol. 13, pp. 741-749, 2014/12/01 2014.
10. Y. K. Chaloulos, G. D. Bouckovalas, and D. K. Karamitros, "Pile response in submerged lateral
spreads: Common pitfalls of numerical and physical modeling techniques," Soil Dynamics and
Earthquake Engineering, vol. 55, pp. 275-287, 2013.
11. L. Su, L. Tang, X. Ling, X. Zhang, X. Gao, and C. Liu, "Numerical Study on Dynamic Behavior of Pile
Group in Liquefiable Soils," International Efforts in Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, pp. 624-631,
2013.
12. McCullough, N. J., Dickenson, S. E., & Schlechter, S. M. (2001). The seismic performance of piles in waterfront applications. In Ports' 01: America's Ports: Gateway to the Global Economy (pp. 1-10).‌
13. McCullough, N. J., Dickenson, S. E., & Schlechter, S. M. (2001). The seismic performance of piles in waterfront applications. In Ports' 01: America's Ports: Gateway to the Global Economy (pp. 1-10).‌
14. McCullough, N. J. (2004). The seismic geotechnical modeling, performance, and analysis of pile-supported wharves. Oregon State University.‌
15. Schlechter, S. M., Dickenson, S. E., McCullough, N. J., & Boland, J. C. (2004). Influence of batter piles on the dynamic behavior of pile-supported wharf structures. In Ports 2004: Port Development in the Changing World (pp. 1-10).‌
16. Dickenson, S. E., & McCullough, N. J. (2006). Modeling the Seismic Performance of Pile Foundations for Port and Coastal Infrastructure. In Seismic Performance and Simulation of Pile Foundations in Liquefied and Laterally Spreading Ground (pp. 173-191).‌
17. Amirabadi, R., Bargi, K., & Torkamani, H. H. (2012). Seismic demands for pile-supported wharf structures with batter piles. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 4(19), 3791-3800.‌
18. Deghoul, L., Gabi, S., & Hamrouni, A. (2020). The influence of the soil constitutive models on the seismic analysis of pile-supported wharf structures with batter piles in cut-slope rock dike. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 42(3), 191-209.‌
19. Manual of FLAC3D, Ver.2.1 Dynamic Analysis", Itasca Consulting Group Inc. 1, pp. 137-144, Meerut, India: Sarita, Roorkee University, India (January 1977).
20. Itasca, FLAC., "Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua", Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapoli, 2000.
21. Mahinroosta, R. Modeling of hardening and softening behavior of rock masses under shear using multilaminate model", Ph.D. thesis, Sharif University of Technology (2005).
22. Byrne, P., "A Cyclic Shear-Volume Coupling And Pore-Pressure Model For Sand", 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 1991, pp 47-
55.
23. Martin GR, Finn LWD, Seed HB. Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading Geotechnical
engineering, ASCE 1975; 101(GT5):423–38.
24. Byrne PM, McIntyre J. Deformation in granular soils due to cyclic loading. ASCE GSP 40, Vertical and
horizontal deformations of foundation and embankments; 1994. p. 1864–96.
25. Kuhlemeyer, R. L., Lysmer, J., "Finite Element Method Accuracy for Wave Propagation Problems", Journal of Soil Mechanics & Foundations, ASCE, 1973, 99 (5), 421-427.
26. Wang, X., Shafieezadeh, A., & Ye, A. (2018). Optimal intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling of extended pile-shaft-supported bridges in liquefied and laterally spreading ground. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16(1), 229-257.‌
27. Mackie, K., & Stojadinović, B. (2001). Probabilistic seismic demand model for California highway bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 6(6), 468-481.‌
28. Padgett, J. E., Nielson, B. G., & DesRoches, R. (2008). Selection of optimal intensity measures in probabilistic seismic demand models of highway bridge portfolios. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 37(5), 711-725.‌
29. Jalayer, F., Beck, J. L., & Zareian, F. (2012). Analyzing the sufficiency of alternative scalar and vector intensity measures of ground shaking based on information theory. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 138(3), 307-316.‌
30. Ang, A. H., & Tang, W. H. (2007). Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning: Emphasis on Applications to Civil and Environmental Engineering, John Wiley and Sons.‌
Modares Civil Engineering journal
Volume 23, Issue 3
July and August 2023
Pages 139-153