Modal and Nonlinear Analysis of Cracked Concrete Beams and FE Modeling for Damage Assessment

Authors
A. Gharighoran 1
F. Daneshjoo 2
1 University of Isfahan
2 Tarbiat Modares University
Abstract
Abstract:
For theoretical and practical investigation of damage increase on dynamic characteristics of concrete structures can use analytical model to extract dynamic characteristics such as natural frequency and mode shape. In this research, results of experimental and finite element analytical model for various specimens were compared. These specimens include RC beams and pre-stress concrete beams that constructed in laboratory. In this paper, one of the specimens was modeled for showing how modeling cracked concrete beams and specials notes related to nonlinear static analysis and modal analysis. In test case, damages are produced step-by-step applying the static load and modal characteristics of the specimen are measured via modal test immediately after loading step. However, in finite element modeling case is two complicated problems. Firstly, because concrete is a composite material, modeling of cracked concrete is very difficult. Secondly, in RC structures, both the concrete and steel have nonlinear behavior. Results of this research include peculiar notes that can be useful for other similar researches.

Keywords

8- مراجع
[1]  ANSYS User’s Manual, 9th Ed., 1996, SAS IP, Inc.
[2]  Fanning, P.& Kelly O. , "Smeared Crack Models of RC beams with externally bonded CFRP plates", J. Computational Mechanics, 26, 2000, 325-332.
[3]  Dirr, BO. and Schmalhorst, BK., "Crack depth analysis of a rotating shaft by vibration measurements", ASME Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress and Reliability in Design, 110, 1988, 158–164
[4]  Qian, GL., Gu SN, and Jiang, JS., "The dynamic behavior and crack detection of a beam with a crack", Journal of Sound and Vibration,138(2), 1990, 233–243.ICLE
[5]  Narkis, Y., "Identification of crack location in vibrating simply supported beams", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 172(4), 1994, 549–558.
[6]  Saavedra, PN. and Cuitino, LA., "Crack detection and vibration behavior of cracked beams", Computers and Structures, 79, 2001, 1451–1459.
[7]  Dilena, M. and Morassi, A., "Identification of crack location in vibrating beams from change in mode positions", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 255(5), 2002, 915–930.
[8]  Nahvi, H. and Jabbari, M., "Crack detection in beams using experimental modal data and finite element model", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 47, 2005, 1477–1497.
[9] دانشجو، ف؛ و قاری قرآن، ع؛" شناسایی سامانه و ارزیابی دینامیکی آزمایشگاهی تیرهای بتنی خسارت دیده در پل ها"؛ پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل؛ سال سوم، شماره 2، 1385.
[10]  Daneshjoo, F. & Gharighoran, A., “Experimental and theoretical dynamic system identification of damaged RC beams,” Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 8, 2008, 29-38.
[11]  Gharighoran, A., Daneshjoo, F. & Khaji, N., “Use of Ritz method for damage detection of reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams,” Construction and Building Materials, 23(6), 2009, 2167-2176.
[12] قاری قرآن، ع؛"ارزیابی خسارت در عرشه پل ها از طریق ردیابی تغییرات در مشخصه های دینامیکی"؛ پایان نامه دکتری؛ دانشگاه تربیت مدرس؛ دانشکده فنی مهندسی تهران؛ 1386.
[13]  Kachlakev, D., Miller, T., Yim, S., and Chansawat, K., “Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structures Strengthened with FRP Laminates,” Final Report for Oregon Department of Transportation Research Group, Internet File, 2001.
[14]  Chen, W.F., “Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete,” McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982.
[15]  Samman, M.M., Biswas M., and Pandey A.K., “Employing pattern recognition for detecting cracks in a bridge model,” Modal Analysis: The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis, 6, 1991, 35–44.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- مراجع
[1]  ANSYS User’s Manual, 9th Ed., 1996, SAS IP, Inc.
[2]  Fanning, P.& Kelly O. , "Smeared Crack Models of RC beams with externally bonded CFRP plates", J. Computational Mechanics, 26, 2000, 325-332.
[3]  Dirr, BO. and Schmalhorst, BK., "Crack depth analysis of a rotating shaft by vibration measurements", ASME Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress and Reliability in Design, 110, 1988, 158–164
[4]  Qian, GL., Gu SN, and Jiang, JS., "The dynamic behavior and crack detection of a beam with a crack", Journal of Sound and Vibration,138(2), 1990, 233–243.ICLE
[5]  Narkis, Y., "Identification of crack location in vibrating simply supported beams", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 172(4), 1994, 549–558.
[6]  Saavedra, PN. and Cuitino, LA., "Crack detection and vibration behavior of cracked beams", Computers and Structures, 79, 2001, 1451–1459.
[7]  Dilena, M. and Morassi, A., "Identification of crack location in vibrating beams from change in mode positions", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 255(5), 2002, 915–930.
[8]  Nahvi, H. and Jabbari, M., "Crack detection in beams using experimental modal data and finite element model", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 47, 2005, 1477–1497.
[9] دانشجو، ف؛ و قاری قرآن، ع؛" شناسایی سامانه و ارزیابی دینامیکی آزمایشگاهی تیرهای بتنی خسارت دیده در پل ها"؛ پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل؛ سال سوم، شماره 2، 1385.
[10]  Daneshjoo, F. & Gharighoran, A., “Experimental and theoretical dynamic system identification of damaged RC beams,” Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 8, 2008, 29-38.
[11]  Gharighoran, A., Daneshjoo, F. & Khaji, N., “Use of Ritz method for damage detection of reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams,” Construction and Building Materials, 23(6), 2009, 2167-2176.
[12] قاری قرآن، ع؛"ارزیابی خسارت در عرشه پل ها از طریق ردیابی تغییرات در مشخصه های دینامیکی"؛ پایان نامه دکتری؛ دانشگاه تربیت مدرس؛ دانشکده فنی مهندسی تهران؛ 1386.
[13]  Kachlakev, D., Miller, T., Yim, S., and Chansawat, K., “Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structures Strengthened with FRP Laminates,” Final Report for Oregon Department of Transportation Research Group, Internet File, 2001.
[14]  Chen, W.F., “Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete,” McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982.
[15]  Samman, M.M., Biswas M., and Pandey A.K., “Employing pattern recognition for detecting cracks in a bridge model,” Modal Analysis: The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis, 6, 1991, 35–44.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[16] سبحانی، ج؛ "پیش بینی رفتار بتن آرمه با استفاده از شبکه های مصنوعی" ؛ پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد؛ دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان؛ 1380.
- مراجع
[1]  ANSYS User’s Manual, 9th Ed., 1996, SAS IP, Inc.
[2]  Fanning, P.& Kelly O. , "Smeared Crack Models of RC beams with externally bonded CFRP plates", J. Computational Mechanics, 26, 2000, 325-332.
[3]  Dirr, BO. and Schmalhorst, BK., "Crack depth analysis of a rotating shaft by vibration measurements", ASME Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress and Reliability in Design, 110, 1988, 158–164
[4]  Qian, GL., Gu SN, and Jiang, JS., "The dynamic behavior and crack detection of a beam with a crack", Journal of Sound and Vibration,138(2), 1990, 233–243.ICLE
[5]  Narkis, Y., "Identification of crack location in vibrating simply supported beams", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 172(4), 1994, 549–558.
[6]  Saavedra, PN. and Cuitino, LA., "Crack detection and vibration behavior of cracked beams", Computers and Structures, 79, 2001, 1451–1459.
[7]  Dilena, M. and Morassi, A., "Identification of crack location in vibrating beams from change in mode positions", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 255(5), 2002, 915–930.
[8]  Nahvi, H. and Jabbari, M., "Crack detection in beams using experimental modal data and finite element model", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 47, 2005, 1477–1497.
[9] دانشجو، ف؛ و قاری قرآن، ع؛" شناسایی سامانه و ارزیابی دینامیکی آزمایشگاهی تیرهای بتنی خسارت دیده در پل ها"؛ پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل؛ سال سوم، شماره 2، 1385.
[10]  Daneshjoo, F. & Gharighoran, A., “Experimental and theoretical dynamic system identification of damaged RC beams,” Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 8, 2008, 29-38.
[11]  Gharighoran, A., Daneshjoo, F. & Khaji, N., “Use of Ritz method for damage detection of reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams,” Construction and Building Materials, 23(6), 2009, 2167-2176.
[12] قاری قرآن، ع؛"ارزیابی خسارت در عرشه پل ها از طریق ردیابی تغییرات در مشخصه های دینامیکی"؛ پایان نامه دکتری؛ دانشگاه تربیت مدرس؛ دانشکده فنی مهندسی تهران؛ 1386.
[13]  Kachlakev, D., Miller, T., Yim, S., and Chansawat, K., “Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structures Strengthened with FRP Laminates,” Final Report for Oregon Department of Transportation Research Group, Internet File, 2001.
[14]  Chen, W.F., “Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete,” McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982.
[15]  Samman, M.M., Biswas M., and Pandey A.K., “Employing pattern recognition for detecting cracks in a bridge model,” Modal Analysis: The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis, 6, 1991, 35–44.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- مراجع
[1]  ANSYS User’s Manual, 9th Ed., 1996, SAS IP, Inc.
[2]  Fanning, P.& Kelly O. , "Smeared Crack Models of RC beams with externally bonded CFRP plates", J. Computational Mechanics, 26, 2000, 325-332.
[3]  Dirr, BO. and Schmalhorst, BK., "Crack depth analysis of a rotating shaft by vibration measurements", ASME Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress and Reliability in Design, 110, 1988, 158–164
[4]  Qian, GL., Gu SN, and Jiang, JS., "The dynamic behavior and crack detection of a beam with a crack", Journal of Sound and Vibration,138(2), 1990, 233–243.ICLE
[5]  Narkis, Y., "Identification of crack location in vibrating simply supported beams", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 172(4), 1994, 549–558.
[6]  Saavedra, PN. and Cuitino, LA., "Crack detection and vibration behavior of cracked beams", Computers and Structures, 79, 2001, 1451–1459.
[7]  Dilena, M. and Morassi, A., "Identification of crack location in vibrating beams from change in mode positions", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 255(5), 2002, 915–930.
[8]  Nahvi, H. and Jabbari, M., "Crack detection in beams using experimental modal data and finite element model", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 47, 2005, 1477–1497.
[9] دانشجو، ف؛ و قاری قرآن، ع؛" شناسایی سامانه و ارزیابی دینامیکی آزمایشگاهی تیرهای بتنی خسارت دیده در پل ها"؛ پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل؛ سال سوم، شماره 2، 1385.
[10]  Daneshjoo, F. & Gharighoran, A., “Experimental and theoretical dynamic system identification of damaged RC beams,” Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 8, 2008, 29-38.
[11]  Gharighoran, A., Daneshjoo, F. & Khaji, N., “Use of Ritz method for damage detection of reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams,” Construction and Building Materials, 23(6), 2009, 2167-2176.
[12] قاری قرآن، ع؛"ارزیابی خسارت در عرشه پل ها از طریق ردیابی تغییرات در مشخصه های دینامیکی"؛ پایان نامه دکتری؛ دانشگاه تربیت مدرس؛ دانشکده فنی مهندسی تهران؛ 1386.
[13]  Kachlakev, D., Miller, T., Yim, S., and Chansawat, K., “Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structures Strengthened with FRP Laminates,” Final Report for Oregon Department of Transportation Research Group, Internet File, 2001.
[14]  Chen, W.F., “Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete,” McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982.
[15]  Samman, M.M., Biswas M., and Pandey A.K., “Employing pattern recognition for detecting cracks in a bridge model,” Modal Analysis: The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis, 6, 1991, 35–44.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[16] سبحانی، ج؛ "پیش بینی رفتار بتن آرمه با استفاده از شبکه های مصنوعی" ؛ پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد؛ دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان؛ 1380.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[16] سبحانی، ج؛ "پیش بینی رفتار بتن آرمه با استفاده از شبکه های مصنوعی" ؛ پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد؛ دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان؛ 1380.
 
[16] سبحانی، ج؛ "پیش بینی رفتار بتن آرمه با استفاده از شبکه های مصنوعی" ؛ پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد؛ دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان؛ 1380.
Modares Civil Engineering journal
Volume 13, Issue 2
May and June 2013
Pages 173-184