A Comprehensive Study on Swelling Potential of Yazd Clay

Authors
M. Dehghan 1
A. Soroush 2
M. Salehi 3
1 Amirkabir Undustrial University
2 Amirkabir University
3 Zaminsakht Consultant Engineering
Abstract
Abstract: Some of the structures founded on clay soils in the desert area of the country, especially in Yazd, have suffered damages, most probably due to swelling of the soil. The ambiguity in the interpretation of the mechanisms and causes of these damages has necessitated studying swelling characteristics of these soils. Thirty soil samples, taken from 1.5m to 3.0m below the ground surface, were tested. Tests included: (a) physical tests including determination of Atterberg Limits, hydrometer method gradation, natural dry density, water content, and swelling pressure/percentage; (b) chemical tests for determining chemical substances and cations of the samples and (c) XRD tests to determine the soil mineralogy. According to the indirect methods of swelling assessment, most of the samples lie in the medium to low swelling potential catgories. The direct oedometer test support this notion. The prevailing minerals present in the soil samples are illite and calcium montmorillonite. The paper also presents the relationships between the swelling potential and the Atterberg Limits, clay fraction, sodium and calcium contents of the soil.

Keywords

 
7- مراجع
[1] مهرنهاد، پهنه­بندی لرزه­خیزی شهر یزد
[2] نخعی علی؛ "طبقه­بندی خاک­های تورم­پذیر"؛ پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی عمران گرایش خاک و پی دانشگاه تهران، 1373.
[3]  Basma, A.A. and Al-Homoud Husein, A., 1995. Laboratory assessment of swelling pressure of expansive soils. Applied Clay Science 9, 355-368.
[4]  ASTM, 1998. Test method for laboratory determination of water content of soil and rock by mass. Designation: D2216-98.
[5]  ASTM, 1998. Test method for specific gravity of soil solid by water pycnometer. Designation: D854.
[6]  ASTM, 1998. Test method for particle-size analysis of soil. Designation: D422-63.
[7]  ASTM, 1998. Test method for liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of soils. Designation: D4318.
[8]  ASTM, 1996. One-Dimensional Swell or Settlement Potential of Cohesive Soils. Designation: D4546-96.
[9]  ASTM, 1995. Test method for X-Ray radiography of soil sample. Designation: D4452-85.
[10] ASTM, 1996. Test method for calcium carbonate content of soils. Designation: D4373-96.
[11]  Hunt, H., 1987. Geotechnical engineering techniques and practice. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company
[12]  Mitchel, J.K. and Gardner, W.S.,1975. Insitu measurement of volume change characteristics. state of the art report, proceeding of the ASCE speciality conference on in situ measurement of soil properties
[13]  Williams, A.B and Donalson, G.W., 1980. Building on expansive soil in South Africa. Proceeding of the conference on expansive soils. Vol. 2, 834-844
[14]  Seed, H.B., 1962. Prediction of swelling potential for compacted clays. Journal of the soil mechanics and foundation division, ASCE, Vol. 88, No. SM4,  107-131.
[15]  Sridharan, A. and Gurtug, Y., 2004. Swelling behavior of compacted fine-grained soils. Engineering Geology 72, 9-18.
[16]  Seed, H.B. and Woodward, R.J., 1988. Pressure of swelling soil against retaining walls. Soil mechanic and foundation engineering. Vol 25, No. 3, 101-105.
[17]  Abdullah, W.S. and Alshibli, K.A., 1999. Influence of pore water chemistry on the swelling behavior of compacted clays. Applied Clay Science 15, 447-462.
 
Modares Civil Engineering journal
Volume 13, Issue 1
March and April 2013
Pages 109-116