توسعه روش شبیه سازی ترکیبی و ارزیابی کارآیی آن از طریق بررسی اتصال خمشی تیر-ستون فولادی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل (کامل)

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی زلزله دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 استاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست
3 استادیار مهندسی سازه و زلزله، پژوهشگاه نیرو
چکیده
شبیه سازی ترکیبی یک ابزار نسبتا جدید و کارآمد است که می‌تواند از مزایای هر دو روش عددی و آزمایشگاهی برای ارزیابی عملکرد سازه­ها تحت بارگذاری­های مختلف استفاده کند. در این مقاله یک چهارچوب شبیه سازی ترکیبی توسعه داده شده است که در آن نرم‌افزارOpenSees به عنوان یک برنامه اجزا محدود برای مدلسازی بخش عددی، OpenFresco به عنوان نرم افزار واسط و LabVIEW به عنوان جمع‌آورنده داده و کنترل‌کننده حرکت محرک در نظر گرفته شدند. برای بررسی صحت کارآیی چهارچوب شبیه سازی توسعه یافته، یک اتصال بهبود یافته تیر با عرض بال افزایش یافته به ستون در یک قاب خمشی فولادی یک طبقه‌ی یک دهانه در نظر گرفته شد. قاب مورد نظر به دو زیرسازه عددی و آزمایشگاهی تقسیم شد به این ترتیب که نیمی از قاب در OpenSees و نیم دیگر آن در آزمایشگاه ساخته شد و پای سازه تحت شتاب افقی زلزله طبس قرار گرفت. کارایی فرآیند کنترلی مورد استفاده در چهارچوب توسعه یافته با مقایسه جابجایی ­های اندازه گیری­ شده و دستور مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و مقدار اندک شاخص خطای شبیه سازی ترکیبی (HSEM) حاکی از عملکرد مناسب فرآیند کنترلی در سیستم شبیه­ سازی توسعه یافته بود. برای بررسی عملکرد شبیه­ سازی ترکیبی، یک شبیه­ سازی عددی کوپل شده (شبیه­ سازی ترکیبی مجازی) به عنوان مرجع در نظر گرفته شد. در این شبیه ­سازی کاملا عددی، ABAQUS و OpenSees به عنوان نرم افزار اجزا محدود و OpenFresco به عنوان نرم افزار واسط استفاده شدند. نتایج حاصل از شبیه سازی عددی کوپل شده و شبیه سازی ترکیبی با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند و شاخص دقت (εrms) به دست آمده حاکی از دقت و عملکرد مناسب چهارچوب توسعه یافته شبیه ­سازی ترکیبی بود.


[1] HSEM

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Developing a Hybrid Simulation Framework and Evaluating its Efficiency by Studying a Steel Beam-column Moment Connection

نویسندگان English

Z. Jannesari Ladani 1
A. tasnimi 2
M. Zakersalehi 3
1 PhD student at Tarbiat Modares university, faculty of civil and environmental engineering
2 professor at Tarbiat Modares university, faculty of civil and environmental engineering
3 Assistant Professor of Earthquake and Structural Engineering, Niroo Research Institute
چکیده English

Hybrid simulation is a relatively new and efficient tool that uses the advantages of both numerical and experimental methods to evaluate the performance of structures under different loadings. In this paper, a hybrid simulation framework has been developed, in which OpenSees was considered as finite element software for modeling numerical part, OpenFresco as middleware for data exchange and LabVIEW as data collector and actuator movement controller. Utilizing OpenFresco in the developed framework, would be facilated conducting geographically distributed hybrid simulations. As the connection between OpenFresco and LabVIEW is hand shaking, the processing speed is very high and the delay between sending displacement and receiving force is only due to the dynamics and movement of the engine and the bandwidth of the sensor, so there is no interruption during this process and in this case, there is no need to define the predictor-corrector algorithm to keep the actuator movement continuous. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the developed framework, an improved widened flange beam-column connection was considered in a one story one bay steel moment frame, and the mentioned frame was divided into two numerical and experimental substructures in such a way that half of the frame was modeled two-dimensionally in OpenSees and the other half was constructed in the laboratory. The horizontal acceleration of the Tabas earthquake was subjected to the frame. The accuracy of the control system which was used in the developed framework was investigated by comparing the measured and the command displacements, and the small value of HSEM indicated the proper performance of the control process. To evaluate the performance of hybrid simulation, a coupled numerical simulation (virtual hybrid simulation) was considered as a reference model. In this fully numerical simulation, ABAQUS and OpenSees were used as finite element software and OpenFresco as middleware. Results of coupled numerical simulation and hybrid simulation were compared with each other and the obtained accuracy index (εrms) indicated the accuracy and appropriate performance of the developed hybrid simulation framework.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Hybrid simulation
OpenFresco middleware
LabVIEW
improved widened flange beam-column connection
[1] Carrion J.E., Spencer B.F., (2003), “Model-based strategies for real-time hybrid testing”, In ASCEStructure Congress, Seattle, WA.
[2] Hung Ch., El-Tawil-Sh., (2009), “Full operator algorithm for hybrid simulation”, Journal of Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 38:1545-1561.
[3] Zakersalehi M., Tasnimi A. A., Ahmadizadeh M., (2017), “A new integration scheme for application to seismic hybrid simulation”, Earthquake Engineering & Engineering vibration 16: 69-81.
[4] Horiuchi T., Inoue, M., Konno, T., and Namita, Y., (1999), “Real-time hybrid experimental system with actuator delay compensation and its application to a piping system with energy absorber.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 28(10), 1121–1141.
[5] Horiuchi T., Konno, T., (2001), “A new method for compensating actuator
delay in real-time hybrid experiments”, Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 359, No. 1786, Dynamic Testing of Structures , 1893-1909.
[6] Takahashi, Y., and Fenves, G.L., (2006), “Software framework for distributed experimental–computational simulation of structural systems”, Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics early view.
[7] McKenna, F.T., (1997), “Object-Oriented finite element programming: Frameworks for analysis, algorithms and parallel computing”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. Pearlman, L., D’Arcy, M., Johnson, E., Kesselman, C. and Plaszczak, P., NEESgrid.
[8] Campbell S, Stojadinovic B., (1996), “A system for simultaneous pseudodynamic testing of multiple substructures”, Proceedings, Sixth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, EERI.
[9] Eatherton, M., Hajjar, J., (2014), “Hybrid simulation testing of a self-centering rocking steel braced frame system”, Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.
[10] Abbiati, G., Bursi, O.S., Caperan, Di Sarno, P., F.J. Molina, L., Paolacci, F., Pegon, P., (2015), “Hybrid simulation of a multi-span RC viaduct with plain bars and sliding bearings”, Earthquake Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 44 (13) :2221–2240
[11] Terzic V., Stojadinovic B., (2014), “Hybrid simulation of bridge response to three-dimensional earthquake excitation followed by truck load”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 140(8): A4014010.1-A4014010.11
[12] Mahmoud H., Elnashai A., Spencer B., kwon O., Bennier D., (2013), “Hybrid simulation for earthquake response of semirigid partial-strength steel frames”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 139(7): 1134-1148.
[13] Mostafaei, H., (2013a), “Hybrid fire testing for assessing performance of structures in fire—Application.”, Fire Safety Journal, 56 (Feb): 30–38.
[14] Franssen J.-M., SAFIR, (2005), “A Thermal/Structural Program Modelling Structures under Fire”, AISC. Engineering Journal, 42 (3) 143–158
[15] Whyte, C. A., Mackie K. R., Stojadinovic B., (2015), “Hybrid simulation of thermomechanical structural response.” Journal of Structural Engineering. 142 (2): 04015107
[16] Uang CM., Bondad D., Lee CH., (1998), “Cyclic performance of haunch repaired steel moment connections: experimental testing and analytical modeling”, Journal of Engineering Structures, 20(4-6):552-561
[17] Engelhardt MD., Sabol TA., (1998), “Reinforcing of steel moment connections with cover plates: benefits and limitations”, Journal of Engineering Structures, 20(4-6):510-520
[18] Plumier A., (1997), “The dogbone: back to the future”, Engineering Journal, AISC:61-67
[19] Engelhardt MD., Winneberger T., Zekany AJ., Potyraj TJ., (1998), “Experimental investigation dogbone moment connections”, Engineering Journal, AISC :128-139
[20] Deylami, A., Toloukian, A. R. (2011). “Effect of Geometry of Vertical Rib Plate on Cyclic Behaviour of Steel Beam to Built-up Box Column Moment Connection”, Procedia Engineering, 14, 3010–3018.
[21] Mirghaderi R, Torabian S, Imanpour A., (2010), “Seismic performance of the Accordion-Web RBS connection”, Journal of Structural Steel Research, 66: 277-288.
[22] Morrison, M., Schweizer, D. Hassan, T., (2015), “An innovative seismic performance enhancement technique for steel building moment resisting connections”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 109, pp. 34-46.
[23] Zakersalehi M., Tasnimi AA., Ahmadizadeh M., (2018), “Reliable nonlinear hybrid simulation using modified operator splitting technique”, Structural Control and Health Monitoring, e2283.
[24] AISC (2016) “Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings”, ANSI/AISC 341-16. American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago (IL).
[25] AISC (2016) “Specification for Structural Steel Buildings”, ANSI/AISC 360-16. American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago (IL).
[26] FEMA 356, (2000), “Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings”, Washington DC.
[27] McKenna F, Fenves GL, Scott MH, Jeremic B., (2000), Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees): Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
[28] ASTM, "E 8M Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric]," (2016) Annual Book or ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Vol. 3.01
[29] Terzic, V., (2011), “Force-based Element vs. Displacement-based Element”, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California, Berkeley.
[30] Imanpour A., Siguier R., Leclerc M., Tremblay R, (2017), “Application of Hybrid Simulation for the Evaluation of the Buckling Response of Steel Braced Frame Columns,” Proceedings EUROSTEEL, 8th European Conference on Steel and Composite Structures, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[31] Schellenberg AH., Mahin SA., Fenves GL., (2009), “Advanced Implementation of Hybrid Simulation”, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California: Berkeley, California.
[32] PEER Ground Motion Database (2019) https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/
[33] AISC (2016) “Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Application”, ANSI/AISC 358-16. American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago (IL).
[34] Chen, C. C., Lin, C. C., Lin, C. H., (2006), “Ductile moment connections used in steel column-tree moment resisting frames” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 793-801.
[35] Mosqueda G., Stojadinovic, B., Ahmadizadeh, M., (2007), “Real-Time Error Monitoring for Hybrid Simulation. Part I: Methodology and Experimental Verification”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 133: 1100-1108.
[36] Mosqueda G., Stojadinovic B, Mahin S.A., (2007), “Real-time error monitoring for hybrid simulation. II: structural response modification with error”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 133(8): 1109-1117.