معدنی سازی آلاینده آلی کاربامات با استفاده از نانو فتوکاتالیست سنتزی ZnO/αFe2O3

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل (کامل)

نویسندگان
دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه خوارزمی
چکیده
ترکیبات موجود در آفت کش­های کشاورزی گروهی از مواد شیمیایی و مصنوعی هستند که استفاده زیادی در این صنعت دارند. ورود دائمی این مواد در منابع آبی آلایندگی بسیار بالایی را تولید می­کند که سبب ایجاد خطر برای محیط‌های آبی و ارگانیسم‌های آن‌ می‌گردد .از میان ســموم آفت­کش مورد اســتفاده در کشــاورزی، ســموم ارگانوفسفره و کاربامات­هــا دارای بیشــترین میزان مصــرف جهت رویارویی با آفات گیاهی هســتند. در این پژوهش از فرایند فتوکاتالیستی با استفاده از سنتز نانوکامپوزیت ZnO/αFe2O3 به روش بال­میلز جهت تصفیه فاضلاب سنتزی حاوی کاربامات استفاده شده است. برای این منظور از نانوذرات اکسید روی و اکسیدآهن هر کدام به میزان نیم مول (5/40 گرم اکسید روی و 80 گرم اکسیدآهن) به مدت 12 ساعت در دستگاه آسیاب ماهواره­ای پرانرژی با سرعت 300 دور بر دقیقه در دو محفظه فولادی به چرخش درآمد. نسبت وزنی کاتالیست به گوی­های10 میلی متری، 1:20 بود و به ازای هر 15 دقیقه چرخش، 5 دقیقه استراحت داده شد و در کل 16 ساعت چرخش سیکل­وار در دستگاه انجام گرفت. خصوصیات نانوکامپوزیت سنتز شده به کمک آنالیزهای XRD، SEM،XRF و FTIR تعیین گردید. آنالیز XRD ساختار شش وجهی اکسید روی و اکسید آهن را تایید و اندازه بلور نانوکامپوزیت با استفاده از رابطه شرر به میزان 66/10 نانومتر تعیین شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از آنالیز DRS، اکسید روی و اکسید آهن بال­میلزشده و حرارت­دیده دارای شکاف انرژی برابر با 878/1 الکترون­ولت بود که نسب به اکسید روی معمولی کاهش یافته بود. با آنالیز FTIR، پیک­های مربوط به Zn-O و Fe-O در نانوکامپوزیت مشاهده گردید. در آنالیز XRF نیز مقادیر وزنی عناصر Zn و Fe در نانوکامپوزیتZnO/α-Fe2O3 برابر با %3/77 و %3/61 تعیین شد. فعالیت فتوکاتالیستی نانوکامپوزیت سنتزی ZnO/α-Fe2O3 تحت تابش دو لامپ 8 وات UVC برای معدنی­سازی آلاینده آلی کاربامات با متغیرهای غلظت فتوکاتالیست، زمان ماند و میزان pH به عنوان متغیر کمی موثر و نوع کاتالیست مصرفی به عنوان متغیر کیفی موثر بررسی شد. ثابت سرعت واکنش در بهترین شرایط که شامل کمک اکسیدروی اصلاح­ شده و غلظت کاتالیست g/L1 و تعداد 2 عدد لامپ 8 وات UVC و 8 pH= در مدت 3 ساعت به سرعت min-1 0043/0 بدست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Mineralization of organic pollutants of carbamate using synthetic nano photocatalyst of ZnO/α-Fe2O3

نویسندگان English

Ali Dehghan
Mohammad Delnavaz
1. MSc Student in Civil-Environmental Engineering, Kharazmi University 2. Associate professor, Faculty
چکیده English

Ingredients in agricultural pesticides are a group of chemicals and synthetics that are widely used in the industry. The constant entry of these substances into water resources produces very high levels of pollution, which poses a threat to aquatic environments and their organisms. Among the pesticides used in agriculture are organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrithioide pesticides. Organophosphorus and carbamates have the highest levels of consumption to deal with plant pests. In this study, the photocatalyst was synthesized by ball mills method. In this method, oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles were rotated in half steel compartment (40.5 g of oxide and 80 g of iron oxide) for 12 hours in a high-energy satellite mill at 300 rpm. The weight ratio of the catalyst to 10 mm spheres is 1:20 and for each 15 min rotation, 5 min rest and a total of 16 h cyclical rotation was performed in the device to complete the nanocomposite synthesis process. Heat treatment was carried out for 1 hour by a muffle furnace at 700 ° C. Also, this nanocomposite were characterized with the analysis of XRD, XRF, DRS and FTIR. The XRD analysis showed the hexagonal structure of nanocomposite with using of Debay-Scherer relationship, the crystals size of ZnO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was calculated about 10.66 nm. SEM images showed the Fe2O3 nanoparticle Placement between ZnO nanoparticle. Result of DRS revealed that band gaps of the ZnO and Balmiled iron oxide and heated was 1.878 eV. By FTIR analysis, peaks of Zn-O and Fe-O were observed in the nanocomposite. According to EDX analysis for the weight values of Zn and Fe and O of ZnO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was 5.30% and 55.8%. According to XRF analysis, the weight values of Zn and Fe in ZnO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites were 77.33% and 61.13%, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite under UV irradiation was analyzed by two 8 watts UVC lamps for mineralization of organic carbamate pollutants from agricultural wastewater. In this design ZnO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite concentration, pH and radiation time were considered as effective quantitative variables and the type of catalyst consumed as effective qualitative variables. Reaction rate reached best at 0.0043 min-1 in the best conditions, including modified oxide and catalyst concentration of 1 gr/l and two 8W UV lamps and pH = 8 for 3 hours.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Carbamate
Photocatalytic process
UV-vis light
ZnO/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite
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