---

Experts Experts believe that human resource system due to causal ambiguity and complexity can create competitive advantage as a valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable source, but few supporting studies have been conducted. This study investigates the relationship between high performance work system and organizational entrepreneurship while investigates the moderating role of HR system strength. data was gathered from 242 knowledge employees of five premier dairy production companies in Mazandaran province. Reliability of the measures was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression based on Baron and Kenny's method. According to the results of this study, HPWS has positively significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship. Also, HR system's strength moderates the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. results show that only considering content of HR system is not enough, but HR system must be strong enough to differentiate an organization from others and create competitive advantage.

---

The Cu dependent restriction deoxyribozyme is the unique example of known deoxyribozymes. The uniqueness of this deoxyribozyme is originated from specific cleaving of single stranded DNA and formation of triple helix DNA structure which is necessary for substrate recognition and binding. The most established method for measuring the kinetic parameters of deoxyribozyme is based on use of radiolabeled substrates which have several difficulties. In this study we present accurate, fast and inexpensive methods for kinetic study of the deoxyribozyme which is based on extrinsic fluorescence and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. As mentioned above, DNA triple helix formation is necessary for substrate identification and also enzyme activity. Circular dichroism spetropolarimetery is used for structural study of enzyme. Analysis of spectrum results from this technique indicates structural changes which is a direct evidence for the triple helix formation in enzyme-substrate complex. Extrinsic fluorescence experiment is based on high affinity of SYBR gold to double stranded DNA compared to single stranded DNA. Enzyme activity can be measured by SYBR gold fluorescence emission upon addition of cofactor to the enzyme-substrate complex. Continuous hyperchromicity assay method which is based on UV-visible spectroscopy was used for measuring of enzyme activity by hyperchromicity of the enzyme-substrate complex after addition of cofactor. Comparison of the results show that the continuous hyperchromicity assay is more accurate than the extrinsic fluorescence method, because of this method is based on intrinsic physicochemical properties of DNA without interference of external factors.

---

Despite the important role of a university employees in attaining university and higher education objectives, the motivational factors for university employees has not received enough attention. This study aims at developing a model for university employees’ motivation and prioritizing the programs for improving the employees’ motivation at Imam Sadiq (as) University. It is an applied study using mix methods. The qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis and the quantitative one was conducted using descriptive-survey method. Confirmatory factor analysis by Smart PLS software was used to assess the fitness of the proposed model. Importance-performance analysis technique was applied in order to prioritize the practices and programs related to improving the employees’ motivation.Based on the thematic analysis, 125 basic themes, 25 organizing themes and 8 global themeshave been extracted. The proposed model has eight dimensions: university’s orientation, organizational climate, leadership, compensation, HR functions and Proccesses, work environment, co-workers and job factors. Managers of universities should concentrate on the recognized factors offered in the proposed model. Results of the quantitative data analysis show that the proposed model has good fitness. Also, priorities of Imam Sadiq(as) University for improving the empoyees’ motivation include: cash payments, professional developments and job security, university managers’ employee oriented behavior, financial aids and university managers’ personal attributes, recruitment and performance management.

---

---

---

Flowering transition is one of the most important developmental processes of higher plants, which is controlled by endogenous and external environmental signals. These signaling cues are perceived in leaves and shoot apical meristem (SAM) to induce flower formation. APETALA1 (AP1) is one of floral meristem identity genes that regulate the specification and formation of floral meristems and is required for sepals and petals formation. In this study, the expression of this gene in different organs of Eruca sativa as well as the effect of brassinosteroids (BRs) on flowering and the gene expression was investigated. RNA was extracted from different organs and first-strand cDNA was synthesized. Specific primers were designed based on the sequence alignment of AP1 isoform genes from other plants. In the vegetative stage, no expression was observed in different organs. Brassinosteroid treatment from 28 days (vegetative stage) to flower buds formation caused early flowering, so that the treated plants flower about 10 days earlier than the control. In addition, plant size and its organs were larger in plants treated with brassinosteroids. Evaluation of EvsAP1 gene expression in reproductive phase showed its expression in flower buds, sepals and petals but no was seen in roots, stems, leaves, stamen and gynocium. Also, the onset of expression of this gene was observed earlier, indicating that the transition to flowering and flower bud formation occurs faster in treated plants; therefore, expression occurs earlier. However, expression levels did not affected by brassinosteroids and no significant difference was observed between treated and control samples.
 

---

---

Aim: Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein that plays an important role in regulating cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, inflammation, and modulating the immune system. The FK domain in FSTL1 has 10 conserved cysteine residues that form 5 disulfide bonds. Despite extensive studies on the function of FSTL1, limited structural information is available about this biologically important molecule.
Materials and Methods:Using the SWISS-MODEL server and using the crystal structure of the FK domain of the mouse FSTL1 protein with the code (PDB: 6jzw) as a template, structural models of the FK domain of the human FSTL1 protein were prepared. In the next step, the resulting structures were checked using Swiss-PDB Viewer 4.10, Chimera 1.12 software, Ramachandaran diagram and PDBSUM server, in terms of the distance between two cysteine residues, the modeling error range, and the formation of disulfide bonds. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the AMBER software package with the ff14SB force field.
Results: The results showed that the FK domain without disulfide bond has root mean square deviations (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF), higher than the native FK domain. In addition, the radius of gyration in domain without disulfide bonds is significantly lower than that of native FK domain. The results show that the disulfide bonds of the FK domain play a role in the stability of the structural folding of the FK domain and the removal of these bonds increases the structural flexibility of this domain.
 

---

This study presents a numerical investigation for laminar mixed convection flow of radiating gases in an inclined lid-driven cavity. The fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting and scattering medium. The governing differential equations consisting the continuity, momentum and energy are solved numerically by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to obtain the velocity and temperature fields. Discretized forms of these equations are obtained by the finite volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Since the gas is considered as a radiating medium, besides convection and conduction, radiative heat transfer also takes place in the gas flow. For computation of the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved numerically by the discrete ordinate method (DOM). The effect of lid driven speed, on the thermohydrodynamic behavior of two-dimensional cavity is carried out. Results are shown as contours of isotherms, streamlines and distributions of convective and total Nusselt numbers along the bottom wall of cavity. It is revealed that increasing in Reynolds number causes almost uniform temperature distribution in cavity, especially for 30° and 60° inclination angles.

---

In this paper, an inverse analysis of combined radiation and convection heat transfer in a 2-D rectangular duct is presented. The working fluid is a mixture of air including CO2 and H2O as two radiating gases. The purpose is to verify the effects of gas mole fractions on the solution of inverse design problem in which the conjugate gradient method is used to find the temperature distribution over the heater surface to satisfy the prescribed temperature and heat flux distributions over the design surface. The radiating gas is considered to be a gray participating medium with absorption, emission and isotropic scattering. The Planck mean absorption coefficient is calculated and used in radiative calculations. The discrete ordinates method is used to solve the radiative transfer equation. An attempt is made to determine the temperature distributions over the heater surface while the enclosure is filled with different mole fractions of CO2 and H2O. The effects of other parameters such as radiation conduction parameter on the solution of inverse problem is examined.

---

With the growth of science and technology, engineering issues are becoming more complex. As problems become more complex and need to be resolved more quickly and accurately, past analytical methods no longer meet the growing needs of societies. With such an attitude, researchers have always tried to develop numerical methods in addition to developing the basics of science. In this direction, several methods have been developed by researchers. Each of these methods has its own applications and still researchers are trying to grow and develop these methods and invent new methods. The most important of these are the nonlinear isogeometric method which is based on non-uniform rational B-Splines (NURBS). In the nonlinear isogeometric method, while using the properties of the basic functions of spline and NURBS in the exact definition of curves and surfaces, they are also used for interpolation and approximation. Using all the capacity of the structure in load bearing causes nonlinear behavior of the structure which is due to improper performance of the structure geometry, weakness of the structural materials and weakness due to the combination of the two previous states. In this study, nonlinearity due to material weakness has been considered. Also, in solving nonlinear equilibrium equations, an incremental and iterative process of load is used and this increase is done until the total loads defined for each problem are entered. In each increase, the iterative process is adopted until convergence or the maximum number of iterations is achieved. Obviously, all numerical methods are approximate methods. The main source of error in numerical methods is related to the discretization error of the continuous environment and is due to the approximation of the displacement field by the shape functions. This group of errors is also reduced by making the elemental mesh smaller and increasing the degree of shape functions used. Error is an integral part of numerical analysis and has always been a concern for researchers in the reliability of the results. Therefore, in this study, the error estimation based on the stress recovery method based on points where the order of gradient convergence of a function is one time higher than the value expected from the approximation of the shape function related to the approximate solution (superconvergent points) is discussed. Thus, by considering the difference between the recovered stress level and the stress level obtained from nonlinear isogeometric analysis for each element, a criterion has been determined approximately to determine the amount of error in that element. All research relationalizations and linearization of equations have been performed using a numerical algorithm with the help of programming in Fortran software environment and the results of the analysis for validation have been compared with its classical solution. The results show acceptable numerical and distributive similarity; Therefore, it can be said that the analysis performed by the program has good performance for nonlinear analysis of problems. Also, the error estimation method used can be called a simple and engineering solution to estimate the error and improve the stress field obtained from elastoplastic analysis of problems by isogeometric method.

---

Today, the use of functionally graded materials is increasing. In these materials, the mechanical properties change as a continuous function throughout the problem domain. Due to these continuous changes, the problems of non-adhesion of materials, delamination and stress concentration at the joint, which can be problematic in composite structures, do not arise. Numerical methods such as the finite element method can be used to analyze functionally  graded materials, but due to the limitations of this method, we will face many problems. The most important of these problems are the lack of a suitable element for the analysis of problems that can accommodate changes in the properties of materials, or the inability to accurately model the edges of shapes that have complex geometry, so in this research, the isogeometric method is used in which these weaknesses are eliminated. Also, since the error is an inseparable part of any numerical analysis and the reliability of the results has always been the main concern of the researchers, and in general, there is no exact answer to many problems, finding a solution to estimate the error in the calculations is of special importance. Therefore, in this article, for the first time, the isogeometric method has been developed in the analysis of problems with functionally graded materials with the approach of improving the stress field and estimating the error in it. This error estimator is in the category of error estimation methods based on stress recovery, and the goal is to increase the impact index of the error estimator and more adapt the error distribution method obtained from the proposed error estimator with the exact error estimator in solving problems. In this method, by using superconvergent points, where the order of convergence of the gradient of a function is one order higher than the value expected from the approximation of the shape function related to the approximate solution, a hypothetical surface is made for each stress value. To define this surface, we use the same shape functions used in the isogeometric method to approximate unknown functions. This hypothetical level is created when the coordinates x, y and z of its control points are specified. The x and y coordinates of each control point are used to model the geometric shape. The z component of the control points is calculated by minimizing the distance between this hypothetical level and the stress level obtained from isogeometric solution at the gauss-elements points of each region using the minimum square sum method. From the comparison of the exact error norm and the approximate error norm for sample problems, it can be seen that the proposed error estimation has a suitable efficiency for estimating the error in the analysis of problems with functionally graded materials by isogeometric method, and it can be used as a solution to error estimation and calculate the improved stress field level in solving functionally graded problems by isogeometric method. It is also possible to identify areas of the isogeometric solution domain that have a large error with the help of the proposed error estimator method and achieve local improvement of the network in those areas and increase the accuracy of the isogeometric solution.