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Aims: This research deals with the delicacies and complexities of recreating the historical cemeteries of cities. In this regard, it tries to know the obvious, hidden dimensions, layers and components in the deep levels of perception by reviewing lived experiences.
Methods: This research is qualitative and has a phenomenological approach. In this way, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in Kusenbach's innovative method and in five axes, and also supplementary questionnaires were distributed to record, receive and analyze the meanings of the lived experiences of the landscape visitors.
Findings: The lived experiences of historical landscape cemeteries were studied in five axes: "Reference, ideal image, activity, improvement and mental dimensions" and showed that historical cemeteries have multidimensional qualities and a great variety, multiplicity and complexity in the perceptual layers.
Conclusion: If the role of the cemetery is reduced to the necessary urban infrastructure and becomes only a place for burying the bodies, then the connection between the world of the living and the dead is cut off, and turning it into a landfill for urban waste outside the city. Because of having valuable structures and elements, originality and hidden values that show the interaction of culture and nature over time, and these values preserve the identity and collective memories and historical memory of society, the protection of the historical landscape is very sensitive. Therefore, it is impossible to re-read these features in the re-creation of the cemetery without analyzing the deep perceptual layers hidden in the soul of this place.

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• Each nation has its origins in the manifestation of the beliefs and customs of its people. Literature is the mirror par excellence of each nation's past. The history of each nation or people is not discontinuous and, if a message of a text of folk literature is related to its historical realities, it will always be transmitted over time to the following periods and will be periodically reconstructed. One Thousand and One Nights- the prototype of world’s tale- has been always a remarkable source in folk literature. Throughout the history and over time, these stories have been emerged under diverse meanings and shapes. Farīd ud-Dīn Attār, the mystic poet- has taken the advantages of folk literature in order to express mystic thoughts. The existence of common signs and points as well as formal and content aspects of these tales show the inter-textual relations of both histories. It is possible to describe structural pattern of these stories by investigating their lyric structure. According to their theme, stories have different content (epic, romantic and mystic). In this research, the authors have compared two histories from Elahi-Nāmeh and One Thousand and One Nights according to Gérard Genette theoretical framework and inter textual relation by insisting on the their impressionability from folk literature.
   

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Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) is one of the most noteworthy sub-fields of Translation Studies. The current qualitative descriptive study applied House's (1997) model, which is based on Hallidayan Systemic-Functional Theory, to investigate the quality of Farsi translations of Salinger’s Franny and Zooey translated by Milad Zakaria and Omid Nikfarjam. As House has suggested, translations are categorized into covert and overt ones. An overt translation, in contrast to covert translation which is domesticated toward target language, is one that must overtly be a translation with probable unfamiliar cultural elements. House claims that overt translation is preferred for culture-oriented texts, particularly literary ones. By applying Houses’s model, the present study aims to investigate the way in which the function of literary text is represented in target language system. To this end, selected segments of the corpus were compared and contrasted to their Persian equivalences in two mentioned translations. The findings of this research revealed that although both translations tended to familiarize the text to the translation audiences, Milad Zakaria’s translation was more overt compared with the translation by Omid Nikfarjam. Therefore, it can be claimed that the first translation is functionally more adequate compared to the second one in preserving the “function” of source text in target language.

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Numerical solution for mixed convection combined with surface radiation in an inclined channel containing three protruding heat sourcesis investigated in this article. This combinationre present printed circuit boards in electrical equipments. Air is assumed to be the working fluid which is laminar, steady, incompressible and thermally and hydrodynamicaly developing. Governing equations are discretized using the F.V. method in an staggered domain and simple algorithm is used to couple velocity and a pressure. Numerical results presented for temperature and velocity contribution and maximum temperature that occur in chips for different valuesof fan velocity as Reynolds number 150

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This paper describes a simple, physically-based conceptual model utilizing watershed drainage characteristics for rainfall-runoff simulation. This conceptual physiographic model is essentially based on the work of Najafi (2003), which has led to a model compris-ing the main tributary subwatersheds and a single main channel subwatershed. The Ki-nematic Wave (KW) theory is used to describe flow over the subwatershed plans. The dy-namic wave theory is applied for channel flow computations to compute the watershed re-sponses at the outlet. The proposed model was tested on a natural watershed where the results could be compared with the results obtained by Najafi (2003). The results show the proposed physiographic model has advantages over the former in terms of mathematical formulation and input data preparation as well as computation time requirements.

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Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and devastating disease that spreads rapidly and causes many economic damages. One of the important      methods for detection of FMD and particularly differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals, is the use of non-structural proteins as antigens in ELISA kits. The purpose of this study was cloning of the gene sequence and expression of the antigenic regions of 3D nonstructural protein as one of the diagnostic options. For amplification of the antigenic regions of FMD virus 3D protein, specific primers containing NdeI and EcoRI restriction sites were designed and the polymerase chain reaction was performed. The sequences cut by these two enzymes, were inserted into PET21a+ vectors. The recombinant plasmids were then transformed into E. coli (DH5α). Colony-PCR tests and enzymatic digestions were performed on the resulting colonies and the presence of the target gene was confirmed. The gene sequence was further confirmed after sequencing. For production of recombinant antigens, the recombinant vector was transferred to the expression host of E. coli-BL21. The bacteria containing the recombinant gene were induced with IPTG and the expression of the recombinant protein was confirmed using the SDS-PAGE method. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein was about 24 kDa, and it can be used in the design of ELISA diagnostic kit.

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Abstract-Two-fluid models are the most accurate and complex models for analysis of two-phase flows. There are two different two-fluid models for analyzing compressible isothermal two-phase flows which are Single Pressure Model (SPM) and Two-Pressure Model (TPM). In spite of capabilities of these models in capturing two-phase flow behavior, it is not possible to express them in conservative form due to existence of non-conservative term in momentum equation of phases. Therefore, the classical Rankine-Hugoniot condition across discontinuities in the flow filed is not applicable for these equations and there would be difficulty in using classical numerical methods for solving these equations. In this paper a new path-conservative method is used to overcome this difficulty. In this method, one can apply general Rankine-Hugoniot condition along a path connecting left and right states of the discontinuity. After expressing path-conservative form of the employed central numerical methods which are Lax-Fridriches, Lax-Wendroff and Rusanove, water faucet and large relative velocity shock tube problems are solved by using these schemes. Grid independence was achieved using different grid sizes. For water faucet problem, comparison of numerical results with analytical solution show good agreement and for shock tube problem, the results indicate that this method is highly capable in capturing discontinuities in two-phase flow.

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  The aim of the study was to evaluate antimicrobial effect of extract of Lamiaceae plants (Thymus vulgaris L., Mentha spp. and Ziziphora tenuir L.) to prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Geotrichum candidium) was studied  industrial Doogh samples. For this purpose, three levels of concentration of extract that containing (0, 0.075, 0.15 v/v) was prepared. Survival or decrease in the bacterial population in 40 treatments (3 times repeated) in the samples of sterilized Doogh, which that contain a suspension of pure specific strains of Staphylococcus and Geotrichum in the during 24 hours and 14 days by measuring the kinetics of bacterial pathogens was investigated using response surface design. Analysis Results in the inhibition effects of natural antibiotic agent in the Doogh samples revealed that  concentrations of thymus extract % 0.14 (v/v) , Mentha oil % 0.11 (v/v) and Ziziphora oil % 0(v/v)  is the inoculation rate, which in most circumstances Reduction Staphylococcus aureus in 24 h 2.84Log/ml, 7 days in the 1.63 Log/ml

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Mespilus germanica as a valuable medicinal plants used in traditional medicine. Aim of this study, investigated effect of combination various ratio of solvents (Glycerin, Ethanol, Methanol and Water) on the efficiency of Mespilus extract by mixture optimal design. Numerical optimization was used to obtain the optimal formulation of solvent. At the end of the day, the antimicrobial effect of Mespilus extracts based on three methods (agar diffusion Method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) on the three microorganisms managing infectious diseases was investigated in vitro. In this study, investigated effect water, ethanol, methanol and glycerin on the five levels (0, 31.25, 83.33, 125,250 mm) on efficiency of Mespilusextracts by mixture optimal design. Diffusion agar test, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration by microbroth dilution method was used to determination Susceptibility of bacterial isolate. The Result indicated that Scheffe polynomial model was highly significant for efficiency of Mespilusextracts. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml, respectively. The optimum condition has been found as following: glycerin (0 ml), water (23.7 ml), methanol (100.2ml) and ethanol (126.1 ml) respectively.  It’s worth to mention that there was no significant difference between experimental and predicted value in optimum condition. Mespilus extract was highly significant for reduce of Infectious bacteria. Mixture methodology based on the D-optimal design was able to statistical assessment extraction process with the minimum experiment.

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  The aim of this work was identified lactic floraas a traditional fermented food and then evaluates antimicrobial activities of some strains. A total of 140 Gram-positive and catalase-negative isolates were subjected to grouping by physiological and biochemical tests and carbohydrates fermentation. Based on the resultsthese 140 isolateswere dividedinto 9 groups. Two or three isolated were selected from each group and 16S rRNA was amplified using universal primers. Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in horreh was as followings:Lactobacillus fermentum (30.00%),Lactobacillus plantarum (28.57%), Lactobacillus brevis (15.00%), Weissellacibaria(8.57%),Enterococcus (faecium and faecalis) (7.14 %), Leuconostoc (citreumand mesenteroides subsp.Mesenteroides) (6.42%) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (4.28%). Antagonistic activity of 20 isolates (strains) of lactic acid bacteriaobtained fromhorreh was evaluated against food- borne bacteria. Sixteen isolates in Agar spot method and 14 isolates in well diffusion assayshowed antibacterial activity against at least one of these indicators. Eight isolates including:Ent. faecium (1), Ent. faecalis (1), P. pentosaceus(1) and Lb. plantarum (2) exhibited  the  highest  antagonistic  activity toward Listeria innocoa. Antagonistic activity of cell free supernatant (CFS) from Lb. plantarum showed the highest thermal stability. Also, two isolates belonging to:Ent. faecium, Ent. Faecalis presented antibacterial activity at pH=7. Only, the supernatant of Lb. plantarum was not influenced by proteinase K.The results showed that the supernatant of some isolatestestedcan be used as a bio preservative in food products.

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Kimchi is a fermented herbal supplement, and appetizer that according to a raw material, process and geographical location are classified more than161 types. In this study, after kimchi production, isolation and identification of microorganisms was performed by molecular method. Lipase producing strain, Trichosporon asahii was isolated from kimchi sample (19.01 ±3 U/ml). The various medium components and culture parameters to achieve a more cost effective and economically viable bioprocess were screened and optimized using Design Expert software. PBdesignsare used to screen the most effective variables on lipase production that fermentation temperature and initial pHfor 48 hours 30 . According to the results, extract of nigella sativa, olive oil, yeast extract, magnesium chloride, respectively, were the most variable. Variable particle size and pepton ehavenegative effect. The variable selection and optimization on was performed more efficiently. Finally, lipase activity was 35 ± 0.5 U/ml in the optimal conditions using a medium containing15% sativa extract, 10 g/l yeast extract, 22.5 g/l olive oiland25 mM/l magnesium chloride in the rotation speed of 150 rpm, respectively, as well as enzyme activityafter84/1times the optimal state before optimization. The kinetic parameters V (max) and K (m) was 0.367 mM / min and 0.53 mM through Michaelis–Menten Chart, respectively. Low K_m indicates high affinity between enzyme and substrate and high V_max demonstrates high catalytic performance of the enzyme

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Kimchi is a general term for fermented vegetables.The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the Lactic Acid Bacteria involved in spontaneous fermentation of this product used biochemical and molecular methods. In this study, after successive culture on specific media, in order to classify of 85 selected isolates that according to preliminary experiments seemed Lactic Acid Bacteria, physiological and biochemical tests were done and then fermentation of 10 different carbohydrates were performed. Based on these tests, 85 isolates were divided into 10 groups. Some isolates were selected from each group and 16S rRNA was amplified using universal primers. Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in Kimichi was as followings: Lactobacillus plantarum (41.17%), Lactobacillus fermentum (9.41%), Enterococcus faecalis (3.52%), Enterococcus faecium (7.06%), Leuconostoc citreum (2.35%), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (3.52%), Pediococcus pentosaceus (8.23%), Wisella cibaria (24.70%). This fermented product has a wide microbial diversity which originates from natural microbiota presented in the raw vegetable. Lactic acid bacteria can produce a variety of acids and enzymes which play an important role in development of unique flavor and tasteTherefore, this strains that isolated from Kimchi can be used in the food industry.

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Infectious diseases created by strains of Antibiotic resistance Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, is increasing in many countries such as Iran. Therefore, many efforts are performing in order to find a new composition as replacement for antibiotics. In this experimental research, an antimicrobial effect of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa was investigated on several strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus resistant to common clinical antibiotics.The extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa was prepared using rotary. Twenty strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were provided from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using Serial Dilution Method in six concentrations onto strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in broth media.The results showed that Escherichia coli was resistant to antibiotics of penicillin (75.9%), erythromycin (58.3%), tetracycline (56.9%), and cefixime (37%), and Staphylococcus aureus showed resistant to antibiotics of penicillin (83.5%), cefixime (80%), erythromycin (55.6%), and tetracycline (26.1%), respectively. Also, the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa has acceptable effect on antibiotic resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus that MIC of the Hibiscus Sabdariffa ethanolic extract was 4 and 16 mg/mL for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.The overall, the Hibiscus Sabdariffa extract has inhibitory ability on Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains. So, the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Hibiscus tea can be used in in pharmaceutical industry for medical treatments with perfect study.

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   Ice cream is a complex food colloid including fat droplet and air cells that dispersed on the relatively frosted aqueous phase. In this research work, the effect of the fat at the four level  ( 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % ) , pekmez  at the three level ( 0, 9, 18 %) ,  two types of hydrocolloids (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose and balangu ) each at the four level ( 0.1, 0.3 ,0 .5 , 0.7 % ) on the viscous flow properties and total acceptance of  ice cream by response surface methodology (RSM) was investigated.  The flow behavior of all samples using Power law, Casson, Bingham and Herschel- Bulkley models was investigated. According to the R² (≥0.99) and RMSE (≤0.9314) values, it is obvious that the Power law model is highly appreciated for describe flow behavior of ice cream samples. Also the Result indicated that casson plastic model was highly significant for evaluate yield stress of ice cream samples. Samples containing Balangu gum has higher consistency coefficient and yield stress and lower flow behavior index than samples containing CMC. Its worth to mention that Herschel-Bulkley model gave negative values for yield stress which has no physical meaning. Balangu seed gum (BSG) in comparison to carboxyl methyl cellulose did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total acceptance. The Desirability function has been achieved as 0.93 which, itself, indicates the accuracy of optimization. The optimum formulation has been found as following: fat of 5.6%, BSG of 0.6% , Pekmez of 18%, respectively.

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Fermentation is used for centuries to protect quality improvements or flavor modifications of cereals, fruits, vegetables, milk and meat. Yellow Zabol kashk (Sistani) is a grain-dairy fermented product, which is highly consumed in Sistan-Baluchistan province. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the Lactic Acid Bacteria involved in spontaneous fermentation of this product to introduce the native strains. These strains could be used in industry or some of them may be considered as probiotic strains. The cell morphology of each strain was investigated. Then gram-positive and catalase-negative isolates were selected. In order to classify 83 selected isolates that seemed Lactic Acid Bacteria according to preliminary experiments, physiological and biochemical tests, including growth at 10°C and 45°C, 6.5%  NaCl, pH=4.4 and pH=9.6, carbon dioxide production from Glucose and carbohydrates fermentation were performed. Twenty eight selected isolate identified genotypically based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the isolates belong to: Lactobacillus plantarum (24.09 %), Lactobacillus helveticus (13.25 %), Lactobacillus brevis (963 %), Lactobacillus delbrueckii (18.07 %), Lactococcus lactis (13.25 %), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (9.63 %), Leuconostoc citreum (2.40 %) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (9.63 %). To identify the bacteria, especially lactic acid bacteria it is suggested using both culture and molecular-based method.

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In this paper; reduced order modeling (ROM) of unsteady two-phase flows is performed based upon two-fluid models and a proper-orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The four-equation two-phase flow model is used as a mathematical model to describe physics of the problem. After presenting the governing equations, direct numerical solution of the problem is introduced using AUSMDV* method. Then, the POD method is introduced as a mathematical tool to reduce computational time of the transient problems. In the present research, an equation free/Galerkine free POD method is used for ROM of the unsteady two-phase flows. In this approach, the singular value decomposition (SVD) method is used to compute the base vectors of the reduced space. A shock tube and water-air separation two-phase problems are solved using the present ROM method. Results show that this approach can reduce computational time of unsteady simulations about 35%. Reduction of the computational time directly depends on the size of the computational gird. The results also indicate that application of POD method on the fine grids is more efficient than on the coarse grids.

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In this paper, three-dimensional boundary layer flows on wind turbine blades as well as separation event have been studied. At first, boundary layer and three-dimensional momentum integral equations were obtained for incompressible flow considering rotation effects. Next, the effects of pitch angle and the angle between the flow direction and rotation vector on the Coriolis terms were applied using geometry factor definition and Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory. Then, the integral parameters and effective geometry factors on separation positions and stall structure were investigated for a rotating blade. The obtained results show that rotational ratio, aspect ratio and radial position are three basic parameters for separation occurrence and separation and stall can be delayed via controlling them. Moreover, the results show that the area near the root is strongly influenced by rotational effects. In addition, it is concluded that the centrifugal pumping due to rotation decreases the boundary layer thickness and delays separation especially in the near root region and increases the blade aerodynamic coefficients.

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In addition to existing rehabilitation and maintenance treatments, new treatments must be identified to optimize maintenance and management of pavement. Preventive maintenance treatments are used to reduce pavement distress rate and improve the pavement surface. These treatments can be effective when the pavement has no structural distress, so choose of optimum preventive maintenance is difficult. In addition, choose of optimum preventive maintenance treatment is dependent on many factors that makes choosing more difficult. Identifying these factors and knowing the fact that how preventive maintenance methods affect these factors, can significantly help managers to select the best method. In this paper, these factors have been identified and models for selecting the best preventive maintenance treatment have been presented. Due to lack of measuring devices, a simple calculation method for these factors has been presented. Finally, the importance of each factor has been analyzed by Analytical Hierarchy Process and models for selecting the best preventive maintenance method have been presented.

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Rotating stall alleviation in an axial compressor with deployment of air injection at its rotor blade row tip region has been experimentally investigated. Twelve air injectors had been mounted evenly spaced around the compressor casing upstream the rotor blade row. Initially, improvement of the compressor overall performance has been examined through air injection, especially at stall point condition. Instantaneous flow velocities at various radial and circumferential positions were measured simultaneously utilizing hot wire anemometry. These unsteady results, obtained from these latter measurements together with signal frequency analyses, provided to describe the stall inception process and consequent flow induced fluctuations and also alleviation process of stall during the air injection. Results show that a small amount of air injection at the rotor blade tip region can affect the total pressure rise and specifically can increase the compressor stall margin efficiently. Air injection of less than 1% of the compressor main flow rate through the injectors has caused the stall margin to be improved by 9%. Air injection at the blade row tip has caused its beneficial effects to extend throughout the blade whole span, especially while working at the near stall conditions.