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Comparative literature is one of the attractive and very valuable and useful trends in the field of literary criticism, and because the methods of research in comparative literature are different and numerous, there are different schools; In such a way that each researcher chooses the appropriate school or method based on his research method. With the emergence of the theory of reception in the last decades of the 19th century, more attention was paid to the role of the reader and the approach of central perception or reception was formalized. One of the research topics in the field of perception theory is the perception of Persian poetry by Arabic language writers and artists. In this context, Hafez Shirazi has attracted the attention of writers and researchers in the field of literature in other languages, and Arabic-speaking writers have a significant contribution in understanding Hafez's poetry. Among the writers who have paid special attention to Hafez's poetry and presented their views in the form of poetry and prose are Ebrahim Amin Al-Shwarabi and Ali Abbas Zulikha. In this research, two writers' interpretations of Hafez's Ghazal 175 are presented and analyzed and compared, and finally, the writer's opinion is presented as the final opinion. In general, it can be said that Al-Shwarabi's interpretation of verses is more comprehensive than Zuleikha's, but in terms of emotions and feelings, Zuleikha's interpretation is superior to Al-Shwarabi's.

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Due to the relatively high use of steel buildings in Iran and the importance of rigid steel beam-to-column connections, which are among the vital components in this type of buildings, the need to better understand the behavior of these connections against earthquakes has been noted. Also due to the special characteristics of the near-field earthquakes, which is different than far-field earthquakes and it has its own characteristics; and the fact that some catastrophic earthquakes occurred in Iran, such as the Bam earthquake (2003) and the Tabas earthquake (1978) had the characteristics of the near-field earthquakes, which can show the importance of the near-field ground motions; the purpose of this study was to propose a loading protocol for special steel moment- resisting frames under near-field earthquakes for Iran. Therefore, first, by examining the earthquakes that have occurred in Iran during several years, near-field earthquakes have been selected. Steel buildings of 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 20 floors were designed and analyzed according to the rules and regulations of Iran, then for each of the designed steel buildings a critical frame was determined; the values of the scale factors are also specified. After performing nonlinear­ time‐history analysis and applying the proposed near-field ground motions to all of the critical frames, inter-story drift angles for all frames was obtained and compared. The third floor of the 3-story critical frame was selected as the critical floor; which is a story whose results will be used to construct a loading protocol; The basic rainflow counting and simplified rainflow counting were performed for the critical inter-story drift angles results; The proposed loading protocol are derived based on the MCE-level seismic hazard and 84^th percentile values of key seismic demand parameters. These parameters are number of damaging cycles, maximum inter-story drift, sum of inter-story drift range, inter-story drift range and residual inter-story. The rationality of the proposed loading protocol was justified by showing the cumulative distribution function. The proposed loading protocol has 23 damage half-cycles, including 3 pulse half-cycles with inter-story drift ranges of 0.060, 0.100 and 0.078 radians; which are calculated by the basic rainflow counting method. The maximum inter-story drift was obtained 0.065 radians. In the final half cycle, the mean value is the same as the residual inter-story drift of 0.03 radians. Also, the sum of the inter-story drift ranges is equal to 0.684 radians. The proposed loading protocol was compared with the SAC near-field earthquake protocol, the maximum inter-story drifts in the proposed protocol is 0.065 radians and in the SAC protocol is 0.06 radians. Furthermore the pulse cycles in the proposed protocol have inter-story drift ranges equal to 0.060, 0.100 and 0.078 radians; while the three pulse half-cycles at the beginning of the SAC loading protocol have inter-story drifts of 0.08, 0.05 and 0.04; respectively. Therefore, the proposed loading protocol has a higher inter-story drift and stronger pulse cycles than the SAC near-field earthquake protocol; but the total number of cycles defined in the SAC protocol is greater than the proposed protocol.
 

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A novel is an art of narrating incident or story that is considered to be one of the best and beautiful kinds of verse. The text's sociology attempts to make the reading in a profound and fundamental way and is not complete or cannot fulfill its existence until it is read. Sociological criticism is one of the new and effective methods in analyzing literary texts especially novels. Accordingly, this article seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method to read the text of “Al-Audah ela al-Manfa" (Return to the Exile), a novel by Abu al-Maati Abu al-Naja, and shows the social and ideological issues the Egyptian community lived in it. The purpose of selecting this novel was its importance in drawing the Egyptian society and expressing their suffering during the presence of foreigners in the country. The results indicate that the narrator knows middle Egyptian classes well because he spent his life there and describes a certain ideology that can be expressed through the structural unification of the novel. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between the elements of place and time as well as social groups and personality with the issues and problems posed in the novel.
 

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Hanna Mine's novel "Al-Shams phi Yaum Ghaem" depicts the real images of the author's society and expresses a kind of social critique such as the conflict between existing tradition and modernism.This is a stimulus for rebellion against the current state of the writer's society. The linguistic tools of the context create coherence between the context and the characters of the story on the one hand and the events and the two elements of time and emotion in this novel on the other. Through linguistic styles and rhetorical motives, these tools play an important role in expressing the narrator's wishes and desires, such as opposition to petrification, ignorance, and class differences. To this end, the present study, based on the descriptive-analytical method, explains the role of internal contextual tools in the novel. The results show that the authority of this linguistic method is persuasive, and the author uses them to critique the characters, events, and classes in the society. Its related meanings link the beginning of the story to its dark end and depict the sorrow and ignorance of society. The author uses contradiction, repetition, and inquiry in the form of reprimanding and condensing in order to force people to protest and to draw the dichotomies of their society; it is, as if the whole color of the story is dominated by the color gray, without the story achieving its desired result, which is reform and change.