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Citric acid is one of the industrial products with extensive applications which are used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and chemical industries. Although to 1965 Aspergillus niger was single strain to production of citric acid but yeasts are good candidate for citric acid production because growth on cheap and disposal substrates such as hydrocarbon and oils, low sensitive to trace elements in raw material. In this study, citric acid producing yeasts were isolated. Among 340 isolated yeast strains from dairy, meat and food products from Isfahan factories on screening media. 12 strains cultivated in citric acid production medium have been chosen for further study. Production of citric acid was determined by colorimetric method and Megazyme kit during 192 hours. One of the isolated yeasts with 55.5 g/g citric acid production along 144 hours after inoculation had the best yield. Biochemical and molecular tests showed that this strain belonged to the species Yarrowia lipolytica, molecular tests confirmed by sequencing; therefore it was named as Y. lipolytica M7 with accession number HM011048 in Genbank..

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One of the stages in the contemporary linguistics, based on which the linguists recognize a special position for speaker, is the “discourse analysis”. In this innovative linguistic perspective, the individual indicator, which influence on producing the texts, constitutes a new area in pragmalinguistic researches. Though we can pursue the history of acquaintance of linguistics with deixis in the rhetorical tradition of Islam, where the term appears by means of struggling, which arises from the process between grammar and rhetoric. Islamic grammarians are interested into internal context (co-text) & ask if there is a cohesion between the propositional members of the text and its external context (context of situation). Whereas, the rhetoricians study about the illocutionary force(s) of the utterances through corresponding this force with the context of situation. But among these scientists, there are others who synthesize between co-text & context simultaneously. They respect the deviations in grammatical principles in order to achieve the illocutionary or force(s) of utterances. This article argues some deixis in Ney-Nameh, such as personal pronouns, demonstratives, spatial-temporal indicators & expansion-contraction in discourse to evaluate the importance of speaker’s function in the above-mentioned discourse. In fact, this article would reply to this question that if by means of the deixis, we can go out of utterances’ level to appreciate the illocutionary forces of a total text and evaluate the correspondence of co-text and context.  

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Among the linguistic tools that can assist researcher in investigating the relationship between the speaker and the audience, are the linguistic "modalities" which are manifested usually in the form of affective speech acts. Some kinds of texts in which are manifested more colorful the speaker’s mentalities, feelings and values, imply the affective acts; also in Masnavi  that benefits from  the literary diversities, this feature allows the speaker to use language as a social reality and on the way to create communication with the audience, the diversity of linguistic modalities is undeniable.
Due to the linguistic characteristics of mysticism, studying those linguistic modals that reflect the ontological and epistemological aspects of text is important. This article aims to show how the speaker by the use of modals known as logical modals, can successfully form his ideas and states into words and by this way informs the audience on his intellectual and value system. For this purpose, this article refers to the provided classifications of the various linguistic modals; hence first it explains the relationship between the modal semi-auxiliary verbs and the epistemological system governing the text and then analyzes the text in accordance with these tools.
 

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This study aims to examine the elements of stylistics in three stories. They include three poetical narratives by ʿAṭṭār in mystical genre pivoting around the character of Ḥallāj.
The main research question of are: a) According to which stylistic mechanisms of narrative are the narrative-stylistic elements explained? And b) How are these elements reflected in the narrative discourse?
This study hypothesis check the components of Simpson's narrative discourse to determine the stylistic features.
 Therefore, analysis of the texture of these narratives showed that in total, material processes with 16 applications had more performance than verbal process with 3 cases, mental process with 13 cases and behavioral process with 1 case.
 The research uses library method for collecting data and is analytical in nature, employing the methodology proposed by Simpson in his Stylistics approach.
The results indicate the extent of characters’ collaboration by analysing the processes. In terms of point of view on the temporal plane, there is no specific time since all three narratives revolve around Ḥallāj. The descriptive pause is another example of this point of view and narrative time in the stories is longer than story-time. In the second story, however, the narrative is denser and more concise.
An example of a point of view on the temporal plane can be seen in the three discourses of narration using "the use of past verbs", "descriptive pause" and "narrative time" in two narratives, and the narrative of “ tashte khakestar va amadane ashegh" is rejected.
 Naturally, from the spatial point of view, referring to space is not pertinent because it the prestige of Ḥallāj which is the focus of the author.
All three narrative discourses confirm Hallaj's high position on psychological plane . The point of view is the third person in all three stories. In the first and third stories, the third person perspective is reflective, and in the second story, the third person perspective is prominent.
 Modality has some features in narratives of Ḥallāj: since the narrator narrates Ḥallāj’s emotions and the Lover’s character by direct speech, it has a positive shading. This may be explained using Fowler-Uspensky model.
 In terms of idiolect, the words uttered as the Lover’s reaction to see the Beloved’s (i.e. Ḥallāj’s) ash and finding a trace of the latter are in line with the mystical context of the story. All three stories of Ḥallāj can be discussed in view of Labov’s ‘textual structure’.
Therefore, in future research, it is possible to examine the textual structure of the elements of this model in the narrative context by examining the structure of the text in other anecdotes of mystical poetry and consider the anecdotes related to elders. The results of this study showed that in almost these three stories, the result , the solution and the terminal phase are the same, and the reason is Attar's advice, which replaces any kind of analysis.
With regard to intertextuality, two stories ‘Ḥallāj in the gallows’ (Ḥallāj bar sar-i dār) and ‘Ḥallāj decapitated in sleep’ (Ḥallāj bā sar-i burida) are referred to in other texts.
The results of this study clearly show that the study of narrative stylistics and the application of its components have mechanisms that are suitable for analyzing different levels of narrative discourse context. In addition, this study provided an understanding of the style of Hallaj's narratives that had not been previously explored.
 
 

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Chitosan (Cs) was extracted from shrimp shell and its derivative forms including N-alkyl (AlkCs) and nanoparticles (CsNPs) were prepared. First, the properties of nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the morphology of nanoparticles and N-alkylated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then their antibacterial activity was evaluated by the test of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and lethal (MBC) concentration, diffusion on agar by disk, permeability of cell membrane by measurement of cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase release (ONPG). The type of apoptosis cell death was also examined by DAPI staining and changes in cell surface integrity by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the nanoparticles are spherical with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 240 nm. N-alkyl had a rough surface structure compared to native chitosan. At the least of MIC (78 μg/ml) and MBC (100 μg/ml) points were observed for CsNPs (P < 0.05). Nanoparticles and N-alkyl of chitosan showed the highest diameter of growth inhibition zone at 1250 concentration compared to other disks (p <0.05). Outer membrane permeability of derivative forms of chitosan showed significant differences with native chitosan and cells of control. DAPI staining test showed higher cell death of chitosan-derived forms. DAPI staining test showed higher cell death of derivative of chitosan. The images obtained from AFM showed a change in the membrane integrity of the treated cells compared to spherical and clustered of control cells. Thus, the antibacterial properties of native chitosan improved by physical and chemical modification.
 

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Analyzing the process of mystical language formation, considering its main source, i.e. Qur’an, is an important new field of research. Due to the variety and extent of mystical texts, it requires fundamental and innovative researches so as to discover the hidden dimensions of this language. The aim of this research is then presenting a new proposed model for analyzing the process of mystical language formation, which is introduced as word behaviorology. Word behaviorology that analyzes the semantic changes of Qur’anic words in mystical textbooks is a step toward innovative analysis of the process of mystical language formation Word behaviorology model, using the advantages of Kurt Lewin's field theory in psychology and Izutsu's theory, creates a new form of mystical language analysis. Both Lewin's field theory, due to its considering environmental effects on behavior, and Izutu's theory, due to its considering the direct influence of Qur’an on mysticism, Islamic Sufism, basic and relative meaning, are very helpful in this research. The achievement of this research is that it presents word behaviorology as new path toward mystical language analysis.

1. Introduction
 Mystical language, originating from all Islamic sources, is primarily related to the Qur'an, and its most important manifestation is mystical-literary works. The analysis of the reflection of this language based on word behaviorology opens a new path in the analysis of the process of formation of this language. Lewin's field theory is in the field of psychological studies and is used in the analysis of human behavior and the factors affecting it. This theory measures a person's behavior based on the environment around them. The reason for paying attention to this theory and introducing it to the field of linguistic studies is that due to its focus on the effect of environmental factors, it can be helpful in word analysis and the effect of environmental factors on its semantic changes in mystical language. The various dimensions, perspectives and details of Lewin's theory and its various applications in the analysis of psychological events are not the purpose of this study. What makes the basis of this research is the main ideas of Lewin's theory which are redefined according to their application in mystical language. On the other hand, in completing this research, what provides the effective and  creative application of Lewin's theory is the use of Izutsu's theory in the book of God and Man in the Qur'an.  In the second chapter of the book, by discussing “the Qur'an and the Post-Qur'anic systems”, he analyzes the direct impact of the Qur'anic system on subsequent conceptual systems, including Islamic mysticism. Furthermore, his discussions in the field of semantics, including basic meaning and relative meaning, which pay attention to the meaning of words, were used to analyze the semantic changes of Qur'anic words in mystical texts. Based on the creative use of theories and considering the differences that arise due to their application in mystical texts and the field of mystical language, these theories are used in a reconstructed process in this research. This application can lead to a new model in the analysis of mystical language.
 This template is provided for analyzing the language of phrases and mystical teaching texts. This research is done with the focus on the word Tawbah (repentance) in the text of Al-Ta'aruf Li-Madhhab Al-Tasawwuf by Al-Kalabadi. The authors have also written another article on "Analysis of the process of formation of mystical language".
 Research Question
The main question of this research is whether Lewin's field theory of psychology and Izutsu's theory of mystical language can be used to introduce the word behaviorology as a new way in analyzing the process of mystical  language formation?
Research Hypothesis
The hypothesis of this research is that according to the capabilities of Lewin's field theory in psychology, by taking its focus away from man and his behavior, the focus of the theory can be shifted on the field of words and its behavior in mystical texts and with some fundamental changes, it can be introduced to the field of language studies. Therefore, by using the aforementioned theories, in a reconstructed process, a new model called the behavior of the word can be presented.

2. Methodology
 Based on its purpose, this research is a fundamental one that seeks to introduce a new model for the analysis of mystical language.  The method of this research, considering its approach to the research problem, is descriptive-analytical in which researchers, using the mentioned theories, try to describe a new topic.  The method of collecting information is also library type. Accordingly, first in the theoretical part of the research, an introduction is provided in explaining the theories, and then a new form of combining the two theories in the behavioral model of the word is presented.  At the end, an example of the application of the new pattern will be shown.

3. Literature Review
 This study, which for the first time presents a behavioral model of the word with the aim of analyzing the process of formation of mystical language in the Qur'an and shows an example of its use, does not have much research background;  Therefore, considering the main aspects of the research, some of the works that have paid attention to the formation of mystical language, its relationship with the Qur'an and the creation of a model, have been mentioned in the text of the article in the literature review section of the research.
 The theoretical foundations of the present study include part of Izutsu's theory in the book of God and Man in the Qur'an, as well as Kurt Lewine's field theory, the main ideas of which are introduced in the text of the article.

4. Results
 The results of this study are: 1. This study as a step in analyzing the process of formation of mystical language, focusing on two points, namely the direct impact of the Qur'an on Islamic mysticism and mystical language according to Izutsu's theory and the creative use of Lewine's field theory in psychology, has designed the behavioral model of the word in mystical language; 2. This model, by including the environments that are formed around the word in the mystical text, showed that the behavioral model of the word can be used over time, with the aim of analyzing the semantic changes of words imported from the Qur'an to mystical teaching texts and by analyzing the semantic changes of the words in mystical texts, the evolution of mystical language can be studied. 3. The behavior of the word showed that a Qur'anic word entering the system of Islamic mysticism, when used by a writer in composing a mystical text, has four environments; lexical environment, mystical-linguistic environment, textual environment and other texts environment. The analysis of the interaction of these four environments in mystical teaching texts can draw a timeline which shows how the word entered into mysticism originated from the Qur'an and what new meanings it has received following the influence of the mysticism and Islamic Sufism based on environmental influences.4. The application of this model shows that Qur'anic words have relative meanings by entering the mystical educational texts under the influence of the four environments.  The meanings that are different from the Qur'anic meaning of the word and as a result of being in the conceptual system of Islamic mysticism have been loaded on the words and sometimes from the combination of words, new combinations have emerged which, although not used directly in the Qur'an, they have Qur'anic roots.  Drawing a pattern based on the word "Tawbah" (repentance) in Al-Ta'aruf showed that the word "Tawbah" entering this educational text, due to the influence of the mentioned environments, carries relative meanings which, although different from the Qur'anic meaning and formed under the influence of Islamic mysticism and Sufism, they are yet under the influence of the great Qur'anic system.  Therefore, according to the behavioral model of the word, in the process of formation of mystical language based on mystical educational texts, Quranic words accept new meanings by entering the system of Islamic mysticism, and by moving through a mystical-linguistic path, they create and develop a mystical language.

 

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Essential fatty acids (omega3/6) which are precursors of prostaglandins and leukotrienes and play an important rules in treatment of diseases. These fatty acids cannot be synthesized by human and should be obtained by nutritional dietary. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is one of the omega 6 fatty acids that is useful in cardiovascular and cancer diseases. Fungi especially zygomycetes are known as the best lipid producers containing essential fatty acids. The purpose of this research was using of several oil wastes as the renewable and cheap substrates to production of essential fatty acids by zygomycete fungi Mucor rouxii DSM1194. Five oil wastes were studied and the production of lipids, biomass, essential fatty acids like GLA, linoleate (omega6) and alpha linolenate (omega3) were determined. Since production of GLA was considerable, it was optimized by hierarchical experimental design, including a half fraction factorial and then design following by the response surface method (RSM). Yeast extract, ammonium sulphate and carbon source (oil wastes) were the significant factors on optimization of GLA production. Results showed after 72h growth of fungi in 28° C on R1 oil waste (obtained from restaurant), 56.4 mg/l GLA were produced which increased to 82.23 mg/l after optimization. The interaction of carbon and nitrogen sources was significant while yeast extract and ammonium sulphate didn`t have any interaction effects.

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This article aims at analyzing the views of Rumi's Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi on the course of existence, first to clarify the status of the ontological issues in the thought and works of this mystic in order to provide a better understanding of the mystical insight of this mystic. Secondly, it is important to distinguish the type of Rumi's view of ontological issues from the ontological perspectives of philosophers and theologians. The author concludes with an analytic-descriptive approach that due to the low frequency of ontological issues in Rumi's works compared to topics related to anthropology and theology, Rumi's mystical insight relies on two anthropological and theological aspects. As a mystic, as opposed to philosophers and theologians, Rumi avoids going into the details of the ontological issues and may sometimes accompany these issues with epistemological issues as well.

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Discharging wastewater effluent to surface water or groundwater is so dangerous for environment, while it includes nutrient. As the phosphorus and nitrogen combinations in the aquatic environments have harmful impacts (mainly the poisonousness of ammonia, overgrowth of aquatic plants, groundwater pollute to nitrate and diseases caused by drinking the polluted water, and also eutrophication, resulting in frequent outbreaks of algal blooms and threatening the reliable supply of drinking water resources), some limitations were imposed on the consistency of these combinations in the entry waste. So nowadays removal of these combinations must be considered in designing of the treatment plants and also systems designed for treating the municipal wastewater must be able to remove nitrogen and phosphorus combinations to reach the standard limit. Therefore, in order to good performance of the aerobic-anaerobic A2/O method, it is proposed in this research and a study in advanced treatment of municipal wastewater using the A2/O method to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in the pilot scale in Ekbatan WWTP has been done.
In this research, firstly the principals of biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and secondly the basis of designing biological treatment plants have been investigated. Then for laboratorial studies, an A2/O pilot has been made. This pilot consists of anaerobic, anoxic and aeration tanks and also sedimentation tank. The volume of these 4 tanks are 40, 60, 170 and 120 L, respectively. In order to simulate the real condition, this pilot has been set up in Ekbatan plant and the experiments were done to observe the effect of hydraulic residence time on nitrate, ammonia and phosphorus removal and also the effect of oxic mixed liquor recycling ratio on nitrate removal has been conducted. In order to observe the nitrate, ammonia and phosphorus removal process efficiency, the experiments were done in a period of three months and in 5 aeration hydraulic residence times, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours. In these experiments, the returned sludge was 25% and the oxic mixed liquor recycling ratio was 75%. After determining the best hydraulic residence time, experiments continued in 5 different oxic mixed liquor recycling ratios, 75%,150%, 225%, 300% and 375%.
It was concluded that at aeration hydraulic residence time of 8 hours, 96% COD , 95% ammonia and 79% phosphorus (effluent: 9 mg/L COD, 0.87 mg/L ammonia, 2.1 mg/L phosphorus, 18.7 mg/L nitrate) removal were achieved and that was the best HRT. Furthermore, according to the mixed liquor recycling ratio experiments, when the oxic mixed liquor recycling ratio was about 180 - 200%, optimum removing nitrate has been occurred. Although the mixed liquor recycling ratio of 225 - 275% resulted better efficiency for nitrate removal, it is not proposed, because effluent limitations in Iran for the nitrate is up to 10 mg/l which it is resulted in the mixed liquor recycling ratio of 180 -200%, and the other reason is that, with increasing the oxic mixed liquor recycling ratio, energy costs will increase, too.

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Many companies are dependent on purchasing the required professional services (such as managerial, marketing, accounting, legal, and IT services) from specialist contractors. The contract between such contractors and clients forms an agency relationship, so the agency theory may be used to regulate the relationship between them. However, since the abstract knowledge is the subject of exchange between the client and professional service provider and there is a knowledge asymmetry between these two parties, the application of agency theory as it is used for traditional owner-manager agency relationship is not possible for principal-professional agent relations. In this article, we expand the agency theory to be applicable in such agency relationships. We suggest that a combination of behavior-based and outcome-based contracts be employed in principal-professional agent relationships, if possible. Moreover, we discuss why it is very hard or even impossible to have a direct control over professional service contractor and to measure the outcomes of its services. We finally propose two alternative mechanisms (1-trust and self-control, and 2-indirect control) for reducing opportunistic behaviors and solving some agency problems occurring in principal-professional agent relations.