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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of telling social stories on the use of some morphological features of speech in children with autism such as adverb, adposition, possession, article, compound noun, adjective and plural form of noun. This is an Interventional, quasi-experimental single group study with a pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were selected by convenience sampling method which included 10 Persian-speaking aged 7 to15 years old with autism spectrum disorder, requiring support, from all autism population in Qazvin Autism Center in 2019. The framework was based on the model of Brown 1973 and Naigles 2014 (taken from the research of Tek et.al 2014). Social stories were designed and organized, based on the model of Gray 1993. The children of autism received the intervention program in 10 individual sessions 30 to 45 minutes. The pre-test and post-test comparison of morphological categories in visual test and spontaneous test showed that the average use of names and particles in the post test was more than the pre-test for all cases. The biggest difference is related to the adposition. The result of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed that the training had a significant effect only on the visual test and on the article (according to the average of the pre-test and post-test, the statistical value and significance level = p˂0.05). 

 

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Review and analysis of verbal thought prevailing over syntactic principles are important phenomena in Arabic Linguistics; a thought which as a general principle dominating syntactic science seems trivial comparing to that general issue. From a long time ago, a syntactic science which grasps the structure of Arabic language has occupied the mind of old and contemporary linguists of this field of thought; a science which seems essential for logical understanding of Arabic language structure. Among the fourfold syntactic principles, review and analysis of this verbal thought regarding the issue of “audition”, which is another evidence of syntactic principles such as “analogy” and “consensus”, persuades us to carry out this study. The study focuses on the viewpoint of two old and contemporary linguists and scholars of syntactic principles named al-Suyuti from the ninth century and Tammam Hassan of the contemporary time. Having a descriptive-analytical approach, existing resources and lingual data were reviewed. The results show that regarding the audition’s evidence and one of its resources which is the issue of citing Quranic readings to regularize syntactic rules, al-Suyuti of the ninth century, considering his religious concern, accepts citing all kinds of readings by considering “اﻟﻘﺮاءه ﺳُﻨﺔٌ ﻣُﺘَّﺒَﻌَﺔٌ ولا تُخالَف” but Tammam Hassan accepts citing readings by considering the condition of “مستندهٌ بالأسانید المعتبره””. On the issue of citing the Prophet’s hadiths, al-Suyuti accepts the views of al-Shatibi which are conditioned but Tammam Hassan believes that citing hadiths quoted by meaning is acceptable for regularizing syntactic rules because they

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This study investigates the fundamental impact of naming on shaping the ideology of texts, particularly the Quran. It explores how naming, as a foundational linguistic process within the frameworks of Hodge and Kress (1996), Van Leeuwen (2008), and Leslie Jeffries (2010), plays a pivotal role in constructing meaning, establishing identity, and exerting power. The research also examines the naming component within the Quran and its contributions to explaining the underlying worldview of this text. To evaluate hypotheses, this research employs critical discourse analysis. It explores the approaches of Hodge, Kress, Van Leeuwen, and Jeffries regarding the naming component and applies these theories to the Quranic text. The goal is to elucidate the embedded worldview and the Quran's approach to naming. The findings reveal that in Hodge and Kress's view, the naming process is an ideological tool for promoting and solidifying specific beliefs. Conversely, Van Leeuwen perceives naming as an identity process and a means of interaction and meaning construction within social contexts. Jeffries, combining explicit (ideology) and implicit (literary language) elements, considers naming a tool for producing and reproducing ideological discourses. An examination of naming within the Quran indicates that beyond ideological, identity, and linguistic factors, other elements such as the relationship between theme and naming, the priority of content over naming, and the connection between action, process, and structure to naming also influence this process.
 

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of telling social stories on the use of some morphological features of speech in children with autism such as adverb, adposition, possession, article, compound noun, adjective and plural form of noun. This is an Interventional, quasi-experimental single group study with a pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were selected by convenience sampling method which included 10 Persian-speaking aged 7 to15 years old with autism spectrum disorder, requiring support, from all autism population in Qazvin Autism Center in 2019. The framework was based on the model of Brown 1973 and Naigles 2014 (taken from the research of Tek et.al 2014). Social stories were designed and organized, based on the model of Gray 1993. The children of autism received the intervention program in 10 individual sessions 30 to 45 minutes. The pre-test and post-test comparison of morphological categories in visual test and spontaneous test showed that the average use of names and particles in the post test was more than the pre-test for all cases. The biggest difference is related to the adposition. The result of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed that the training had a significant effect only on the visual test and on the article (according to the average of the pre-test and post-test, the statistical value and significance level = p˂0.05). 

 

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The views of the great poets on the essence of poetry and its constituent elements, expressed implicitly within the lines of their poetry, offer invaluable points that are often missed by literary critics. These critical views, which are sometimes expressed in a pseudo-philosophical statements, and are often wrapped in artistic expressions, are based in their actual experiences.  These views are usually expressed in brief, or wrapped in imagery, or even in an elegant indirect language, which may be extracted and, through analysis, may lead to our deeper understanding and invaluable views on poetry. These conclusions, we realize, are sometimes confirmed by the bulk of criticism. It is worth noticing that such conclusions were already preceded by great poets who were apparently the best critics themselves. The classification and the analysis of these poets’ views on poetry are considerable, and can constitute a new branch of study in the field of history of literary criticism in Persian Literature, and subsequently change the traditional system of evaluation of poetic styles.

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Aim: Injury from needle is one of the main ways of transmitting blood diseases in the medical staff. Prevention and reduction of such diseases' side effects have been emphasized by the Health Ministry. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing the behavior of the Elam city medical staff when working with sharps instruments. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, using a census method, all healthcare staff working in the health centers of Abdanan Dehloran city (total n=66) after providing written informed consent were enrolled. Data were gathered by a questionnaire. After verifying the validity and reliability, the data were collected, and analyzed using SPSS19 and descriptive statistics, Chi-square and t-test. Findings: 59% of the participants were male; 80% were married; 62% had academic educations, and 47% worked in the nursing and injection sections. The mean scores of knowledge and attitude of the participants were 3.1±1.38 and 1.7±4.1, respectively, and just 13.4% of the subjects had not reported control tests and injury events. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of the medical staff of injuries from sharp objects are not desirable. it seems that empowering the staff through theoretical and practical training is proper solution in this regard.

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In this study, three different size (100-300-500 µm) of the rubber powder (waste tire) were used in the formulation of epoxy- phenolic adhesive. Rubber powder was modified with grafting method by acrylamide monomer. In order to prevent any loss in properties such as modulus and strength of the adhesive, which is due to the addition of rubber powder to the adhesive, the micro particles of silica were used in formulation of epoxy- phenolic adhesive.  The experiment was designed by Taguchi method, and in the experiment, the effect of the composition of rubber powder, size of rubber powder, composition of silica filler and phenolic resin on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy adhesives were investigated. To study the mechanical properties of adhesives and adhesion properties, dumbbell-shaped specimens and single edge lap bonds that have been made of metal (stainless steel) to composite (epoxy resin / carbon fiber) were prepared and subjected to tensile test. Thermal stability and interfacial interaction between epoxy and filler in adhesive formulation were explored by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, respectively.  Tensile test results showed that for lap- joint bonding with the addition of each factor in its optimal level into epoxy adhesive, strength, modulus and toughness increase by 7.5%, 27.56% and 114% respectively in comparison with  the samples bonded with the neat  epoxy adhesive. A significant increase was obtained in thermal stability for formulated adhesive samples compared with neat epoxy adhesive.
 
 

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Certainly the fair rewarding between personnel based on their productivity and performance which could motivate the employee and increase productivity of organization is one of the most important matters for managers. Obviously, allocating rewards and bonuses that result from productivity or other which has been defined from management should be justly and based on people effectiveness and efficiency. The purpose of this research is designing a productivity model for allocating bonuses through determining the productivity and performance indexes and then measuring and also analyzing, as well as allocating rewards and bonuses among employees based on their own productivity and performance. This is an applied research, uses descriptive statistics and the data are collected from random stratified sampling in Niro Mohareke Company.  Finally, the model which is confirmed and validated by experts and managers of Niro Mohareke Company, is used as a practical example in the Strategic dep.

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Background: Students are the most dynamic people in the society and their health is to a great extent a prerequisite for the health of most individuals in the society. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are one of the most important factors that effect on general health. This study was conducted to The Relationship Between General Health and MSD among Tarbiat Modarres University Students.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 306 college students were enrolled by using nonprobability purposive sampling methods and also availability. Data was obtained based on the demographic data questionnaire, musculoskeletal researcher-made questionnaire and the standard General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). After collecting the required data, SPSS software version 23 was used for descriptive and statistical analysis (Spearman/Pearson chi-square, phi Cramer’s V).
Results: The results showed that 60.6% and 72% of male and female students had desirable general health. Also, the findings showed that general health decreases with age growth (P = 0.015). Among the musculoskeletal disorders, only low back pain and neck pain were associated with general health, as students who suffered from low back pain and neck had an unhealthy public health (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high prevalence of general health disorders and musculoskeletal disorders among students. Musculoskeletal disorders have a profound effect on the general health of students, thus jeopardizing their general health. Therefore, consideration should be given to the factors causing these disorders and the appropriate planning to overcome it.

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One of the miniaturization of heat transfer equipment is enhancing the convective heat transfer coefficient. The main aim of this study is design and producing a kind of nanofluid based on water and ethylene glycol. Graphene was synthesized via electrochemical method and its successful production was confirmed with XRD, FTIR spectrum and, SEM and TEM images. By using different amount of graphene i.e. 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5%, water/ethylene glycol/graphene nanofluid was produced. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as surfactant to improve graphene stability in the base fluid. The designed experimental setup was composed of spiral tube with constant wall temperature and equipped with flow meter and pressure and temperature indicators. Nusselt number and pressure drop were measured for pure water and compared with those obtained from theoretical relations and it was found that the setup works properly. Convective heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and heat transfer rate were investigated for water/ethylene glycol (60/40 wt.%) and nanofluid with different amount of graphene using experimental setup. The results showed that by adding 1 wt.% graphene into the based fluid the convective heat transfer coefficient increased about 50% while pressure drop was also increased about 50%. Overall, the findings of this research work support the potential of water/ethylene glycol/graphene nanofluid for using in heating/cooling equipment.
 

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Conceptual models are representations of a system that easily show us the abstract concepts of the relationships between objects in the system. In fact, no matter how systematic and meaningful the drawing of models in the field of science, can improve the understanding of issues and topics. Meanwhile, the region of Southwest Asia is of special geopolitical importance due to its privileged geographical facilities and locations, as well as its rich resources. But the developments in this region have caused the involvement of various actors. These actors, with different and even contradictory goals, ideologies, and behaviors, have caused the crisis in the region to continue. In other words, no matter how much the geographical source of power is geopolitically appropriate if there is a basis for more attractiveness to log in and the role of actors too large and large. If you are currently presenting a new tariff on geopolitics and dividing geopolitical actors into three groups: main and focal actors, semi-peripheral actors, and peripheral actors, in the next step you have tried to systematically present the geopolitical relations of Southwest Asia by presenting a conceptual model. Because accurate knowledge of the geopolitical relations between these actors allows geopoliticians to formulate the best strategy for the volatile region of Southwest Asia.

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Constructionof underground dams is a practical solution to save groundwater in alluvium watersheds, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where surface water scarcity is an environmental challenge. Considering socio-economic and environmental benefits of underground dams, the accurate locating is the primary consideration for dam construction. The new technologies and methods are a step toward the proper locating to reduce the risk of underground dam construction. In this study, two methods,decision making and geographic information system (GIS) were used for locating suitable places for underground dam construction in Hamedan-Bahar watershed where water shortage has been a serious problem during the last decade. In the first step, the effective factors in locating and construction of the dams underground were identified, and then their GIS information layers were created. The primary selection maps of suitable sites were provided using Boolean logic method in ArcGIS software. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was then applied in EXPERT CHOISE. In the next step, the results of Boolean logic and AHP methods were overlapped to provide the final selection map. A consistency rate of 0.06, showed a relatively high accuracy of weighting process. Considering the normal weights, geology and distance of well, springs and qantas were found to be the most and the least effective criteria, respectively. Furthermore, the final selection map suggested the surrounding area and the outlet of the plain as the most suitable sites for dam construction.

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Background: Recently, the use of probiotics in preventing and treating the immune system diseases through changes in blood factors has attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium B94 on changes of blood factors, influencing the autoimmune system diseases.
Materials and Methods: The rats used in this study were divided into four groups (n=10 each), including control (saline), damage with Ethidium bromide (EB), L. plantarum and Bifidobacterium B94 treatment groups. In damage and treatment groups, a single dose of 3μL EB was directly injected into hippocampus of rats for inducing demyelization. Also, in control group, the same amount of saline was used. Then 2×10⁸ probiotic bacteria were administered by gavage for 28 days. Then serum calcium and cholesterol levels were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (p≤ .05).
Results: The results showed that level of blood serum calcium increased insignificantly in the L. plantarum and Bifidobacterium B94 treatment groups compared to control group.  Also, the level of blood serum cholesterol decreased insignificantly in both treatment groups compared to control group.
Conclusion: Probiotics are used for preventing and treating some of the common autoimmune diseases such as MS. Previous studies showed that probiotics affects some of the blood parameters such as calcium and cholesterol while decrease or increase in these parameters is effective in the improvement of MS.  Although no significant finding has been obtained in some of these studies, they have almost confirmed the recommendation of probiotic consumption.

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The aim of this project is the design and optimization of the formulation of epoxy adhesives for bonding metal to composite parts . This joints are most widely used in the aerospace industry to reduce stress concentration at a point. Joints for single edge joining include stainless steel metal with commercial code 316L and composite epoxy resin / carbon fiber. In this study, the effect of three types of additives: filler (alumina micro-particles), nylon 6.6 and phenolic resin (type of resin) on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy adhesive have been investigated. Tensile test results showed that increasing alumina fillers increases the tensile strength and overlap shear adhesive samples, respectively, in single lap joint dumbbells and elderly. The test showed that increasing the amount of nylon 6.6 When is slightly higher due to a sharp drop in tensile strength and overlap shear, respectively, in both cases is dog bone and single lap joint adhesives. This limit depends on the capacity epoxy ring to absorb amide hydrogens. The test for thermal properties (TGA) showed that increasing the amount of phenolic thermal stability is improved. High-temperature tensile test of appropriateness is also increasing impact of phenolic resin. Finally, the adhesive properties built with the similar adhesive (UHU) were compared. Results showed superiority in single lap joint metal to composite adhesive is made in the study.

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The Aeneid is one of the master pieces of the epic literature in the world and, without doubt, the most precious model of Latin epic. In spite of the fact that this book could be considered an artificial epic, but even in this case, the truth is mixed with the fantasy, and the mythology of the poet is based upon the neglected historical facts. This article has tried to contemplate the rhetorical aspects of the Aeneid, using the epical text of the archaic Latin poets who were influenced by Grecian poetry. Thus, after giving a brief biography of each author, the major stylistic character which has affected the Aeneid will be illustrated. It is considerable that the classical Latin grammar with its evident difference from the Vulgar Latin had a crucial role in the formation of the rhetorical style in the Aeneid.  

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This analytical-descriptive study aimed to investigate the essence of "grief of nostalgy " as one of the most important mystical sources in the poems of Ibn Farez and Hafez; two great representatives of the mystical poetry of Persian and Arabic literature. More specifically, attempts were made to see how this grief  entered their works and how they reacted to it. The findings suggest that in their mystical thoughts, the separation of the soul from the body and the fall of man from paradise into this world are manifestation of  his grief. In turn, the mystic reaction of the poet to escape from soul nostalgy in the body is the thought of death and fatalism and to turn to earthly love, as commonly thought of, as representation of love of true beloved. The earthly love in the poetry of the two poets is a translation of divine love and a reflection of the first day vow, to which the mystics resorted to fantasize the divine love and to diminish the pain of longings for the true beloved.  Sleeping, dreaming, and seclusion are other structures  to this nostalgy
 

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Aim: Smoking is one of the most important causes of respiratory, cardiovascular and cancers diseases. This study examined the smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of dormitory students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. The specific aim is to determine the correlation between the main variables' affect on smoking habits, knowledge and attitudes.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted with descriptive and analytical approach, 340 students were selected through random cluster sampling. The participating students completed an interview measuring demographic characteristics and smoking-related knowledge, attitude and practice. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Pearson's tests in SPSS (ver. 21).
Findings: The mean and SD of the participants was 22.93±4.05 years. Accordingly, 23% (n=78) of the subjects were current smokers and 17.1% (n=58) had experienced smoking. The knowledge of 1.8% (n=6) of the subjects was weak about smoking's health effects, 9.97% (n=332) had average and 0.3% (n=1) had good knowledge. Attitude of 8.6% (n=29) of the participants about smoking was poor, 29.5% (n=100) average and 61.9% (n=210) good. Relationship between knowledge and attitude about the harms of smoking (r=0.35, p<0.001), between knowledge and smoking (r=0.2, p<0.001), and between attitude and smoking (r=0.45, p<0.001) was significant.
Conclusion: There was a moderate level of knowledge and attitude about smoking hazards among the participants. Also the prevalence of smoking was relatively high. With regard to the statistically significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with smoking, declared health educational programs may enrich current knowledge, and promote the attitudes related to smoking risk and effects on the students' health.

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The increase in energy consumption within modern societies in addition to expiration of fossil resources are two vital factors which compel the world to alter dangerously, while construction industry around the world consumes 25%-40% of energy in different countries. Above all postindustrial era causes the increase in number of employees as well as bureaus. As a result, the amount of energy consumption and also the quality of indoor offices has always been one of the main concerns of architects. Several studies represent that the thermal discomfort is the most common complaint in offices. The thermal aspect of indoor buildings, not only provides comfort for the residents, but also brings saving in energy, health, productivity, and also a significant morale improvement of the staff. Since most complaints of indoor environment are caused by failure in providing the adequate thermal comfort, researches concentrated on several offices around the world suggest that indoor quality of such buildings is about average; in which many are dissatisfied about their workplace and while many are suffering from building-related illnesses that negatively affect the productivity, duration of working and having economic consequences for those countries. The requisite of thermal comfort within the indoor environment is the existence of thermal comfort standards. These standards define indoor thermal comfort zone according to the physical and personal indexes. The most important international standards are ISO7730 and ASHRAE 55. Nowadays, various models are introduced for appraising thermal comfort within different standards of thermal comfort. According to ASHRAE Standard 55 (2010) thermal comfort is defined as "condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment". Therefore thermal comfort contains different physical and psychological aspects, which means several factors are in effect for this purpose. Thermal comfort is related to four controllable factors namely air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and as well as humidity. thermal comfort also is influenced by three additional factors: activity, clothing and personal expectations. As mentioned above, there are several standards for thermal comfort in the world. The most important ones are international standards ASHRAE 55 (North America) and ISO 7730 (Europe). These standards congruous the theoretical analysis of heat exchange of the human body and gathering information regarding the climate chamber. These standards are appropriate for stationary and homogeneous conditions which are not suitable and hence not much used in the real world. This fact is evident by the disparity between the predicted thermal comfort by these standards and the real sense of human comfort in different places. These standards specify comfort zones in which a large percentage of people perceive the environment thermally acceptable by certain personal criteria. According to these standards, acceptable thermal zone is defined based on satisfaction of at least 80% of the occupants. In other words, performing within the provided criterion of this standard does not mean the 100% satisfaction, as if it is difficult to satisfy everybody due to personal differences. It is to be mentioned that personal control of thermal environment or personal compatibility (by clothing or activity) also increases the satisfaction level. Considering the complexities of defining thermal comfort, several models are represented which are allied to the physical and psychological parameters as the physiological ones. Two forthcoming models are available for appraisal of thermal comfort: PMV model; which explains individuals' response to the thermal comfort in the physiology of the heat transfer. This model evaluates the indoor environments and constitutes the current thermal comfort standards. According to the aforementioned standards, environmental thermal conditions must be maintained homogeneously. Therefore, PMV model is not appropriate for appraising inert thermal sense in places like residential buildings which are not thermally homogeneous and have different thermal zones. However regarding several capacities of this model, many studies have been accomplished in order to adjust this model for such buildings by implementing some changes. The other model named 'adaptive' explains individuals' response to the thermal comfort considering behavioral, psychological and physiological aspects. The thermal comfort standards define the thermal environment conditions of residents based on data obtained by climate chamber experiments. Therefore, consequently, there are problems for using these standards and also thermal comfort models for those who are living in different climates. That is to say regions with different climatic conditions may need different levels of satisfaction parameters through these standards. In other words, due to different climates, cultures, and etc.,the thermal satisfaction conditions differ in different places. Hence, many countries all over the world have conducted field studies to introduce the most favorable thermal conditions that fit their location best. The lack of essential standards for determination of thermal satisfaction limits in office buildings in Iran, results in employees’ thermal dissatisfaction and overall performance reduction. This study uses field methods for measuring environmental variables (temperature and humidity) and also leading inventory (n=328). Kermanshah city is chosen as a case study. Since this city lacks a dominant type of office buildings and the only common aspect of such buildings is indoor offices, thus this feature is considered to choose the samples. To develop the questionnaire, that of ASHRAE 55 (2010) is used, however according to type of the research and the questions cover, some related questions are added. Moreover, answers are adjusted in seven scales in order to be analyzable using available scales of thermal comfort standards such as 7-point scale of ASHRAE. According to results, 81.7% of whole 328 respondents and 65.5% are satisfiedwithtemperature and humidity respectively. Adapting these results to ASHRAE 55, it is concluded that most staff are satisfied in their work place however the results are the opposite about the humidity. To determine suitable range of temperature and relative humidity in order to define comfort zone in offices in Kermanshah, measured data using FLUKE AIR METER are opposed to the results about temperature and humidity (questionnaire). Data analysis using SPSS represents that neutral temperature range through offices in this city is 20-26 centigrade and low relative humidity is about 19%.

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