شبیه سازی عددی کمانش موضعی اعضای لوله ای دارای خوردگی تحت بارگذاری های تناوبی کشش و فشار

Abstract:
Plastic axial strain, local buckling, wrinkling and plastic buckling of pipeline are caused by cyclic
compression and tension loadings. This kind of local buckling is amplified by initial defect, heat
affected zone and circular welding. Progressive plastic failure or ratcheting is caused by frequent
periods of cyclic loading. On the other hand, life time of the offshore pipelines is decreased by the
corrosion effect caused by fluids inside the pipeline and the sea Environment. This kind of corrosion
can be found with variable size and depth in the inner or/and the outer surface of the pipeline.
Corrosion can effect on the strength of pipeline.
In the current study, an advanced finite element program has been used to simulate the ratcheting
response of carbon steel tubes. The numerical model has been applied to reproduce a series of
laboratory tests on small-scale tubes. These tests were carried out by the authors on intact and defected
tubes, in which wrinkling and ratcheting behaviour of tubes under axial monotonic and cyclic loads
were studied. A nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening model has been employed to represent the
cyclic behaviour of the material. The verified model has then been used for a parametric study on
ratcheting behaviour of the defected tubes under cyclic axial loading. Several stabilized cycles of
specimens that are tested experimentally under symmetric strain cycles are used to obtain stress-strain
data and hardening parameters of the material.
The numerical model has then been used to investigate the effect of mean stress, stress amplitude and
geometrical defects on the ratcheting response of steel tubes. It has been noticed that:
a) The ratcheting strain rate was governed by (a) the initial non-linear strain in the tube, (b) by the
stress amplitude and (3) by the mean stress, respectively.
b) The ratcheting strains in the defected tubes had significantly higher rates in comparison to those in
the intact tubes and very rapidly turned exponential.
c) In defected tubes the local wrinkling first initiated from the damaged part. This local buckling then
gradually proceeded to the entire circumference. The ratcheting strains in the defected area very
rapidly turned exponential, while the ratcheting strains in the perfect zone still remained linear
trajectory.
d) It showed that surface corrosion imperfections had a very pronounced effect on the ratcheting
response of the defected tubes, as compared to their monotonic response.
e) The wrinkles in the defected tubes were non-axisymmetric and initiated from the damaged part of
the tube